Kazhinji, kuyedzwa kwemakamuri akachena kunosanganisira: kuongororwa kwemazinga enzvimbo yakachena mukamuri, kuyedzwa kwekugamuchirwa kweinjiniya, kusanganisira chikafu, zvigadzirwa zvehutano, zvizoro, mvura yemubhodhoro, musangano wekugadzira mukaka, musangano wekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, musangano weGMP, imba yekuvhiyira yechipatara, rabhoritari yemhuka, marabhoritari ekuchengetedza zvipenyu, makabati ekuchengetedza zvipenyu, mabhenji akachena, maworkshop asina guruva, maworkshop asina tsvina, nezvimwewo.
Zviri mukati mekuongorora mukamuri: kumhanya kwemhepo nehuwandu hwemhepo, huwandu hwekuchinja kwemhepo, tembiricha nehunyoro, musiyano wekumanikidzwa, zvidimbu zveguruva zvakasungirirwa, mabhakitiriya anoyangarara, mabhakitiriya akadzika, ruzha, kupenya, nezvimwewo. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota tarisa zviyero zvakakodzera zvekuongorora mukamuri rakachena.
Kuonekwa kwemakamuri akachena kunofanira kuratidza zvakajeka mamiriro avo ekugara. Mamiriro akasiyana achaita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakasiyana yekuyedzwa. Zvichienderana ne "Clean Room Design Code" (GB 50073-2001), kuyedzwa kwemakamuri akachena kwakakamurwa kuita mamiriro matatu: mamiriro asina chinhu, mamiriro asingachinji uye mamiriro anochinja.
(1) Nzvimbo isina chinhu: Nzvimbo yacho yakavakwa, magetsi ese akabatana uye anoshanda, asi hapana michina yekugadzira, zvinhu uye vashandi.
(2) Static state yakavakwa, michina yekugadzira yakaiswa, uye iri kushanda sezvakabvumiranwa nemuridzi nemutengesi, asi hapana vashandi vekugadzira.
(3) Dynamic state inoshanda munzvimbo yakatarwa, ine vashandi vakatarwa varipo, uye inoita basa munyika yakabvumiranwa.
1. Kumhanya kwemhepo, huwandu hwemhepo uye huwandu hwekuchinja kwemhepo
Kuchena kwemakamuri akachena nenzvimbo dzakachena kunowanikwa zvakanyanya nekutumira mweya wakachena wakaringana kubvisa nekudzikamisa tunhu twakasvibiswa twunobva mukamuri. Saka, zvakakosha kuyera huwandu hwemhepo, kumhanya kwemhepo, kufanana kwemhepo, mafambiro emhepo uye maitiro ekufamba kwemakamuri akachena kana nzvimbo dzakachena.
Kuti mapurojekiti emakamuri akachena agamuchirwe zvizere, "Clean Room Construction and Acceptance Specifications" yenyika yangu (JGJ 71-1990) inotaura zvakajeka kuti kuyedzwa nekugadzirisa kunofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo isina chinhu kana kuti munzvimbo isina chinhu. Mutemo uyu unogona kuongorora mhando yepurojekiti nenguva uye nenzira kwayo, uye unogona zvakare kudzivirira gakava pamusoro pekuvharwa kwepurojekiti nekuda kwekutadza kuwana mhedzisiro inochinja-chinja sezvakarongwa.
Mukuongorora kwacho kwekupedzisira, mamiriro ezvinhu asingachinji anowanzoitika uye mamiriro asina chinhu haawanzoitiki. Nekuti mimwe michina yekugadzira mukamuri rakachena inofanira kunge iripo pachine nguva. Pamberi pekuongororwa kwekuchena, michina yekugadzira inofanira kupukutwa nokungwarira kuti isakanganise data rekuyedza. Mitemo iri mu "Clean Room Construction and Acceptance Specifications" (GB50591-2010) yakashandiswa musi wa1 Kukadzi, 2011 yakanyatsojeka: "16.1.2 Mamiriro ekugara kwekamuri rakachena panguva yekuongorora akakamurwa seizvi: bvunzo yekugadzirisa engineering inofanira kunge isina chinhu, Kuongorora uye kuongororwa kwezuva nezuva kwekugamuchirwa kwepurojekiti kunofanira kunge kusina chinhu kana kuti kusina chinhu, nepo kuongorora nekutarisa kugamuchirwa kwekushandiswa kuchifanira kunge kuchichinja-chinja. Kana zvichidikanwa, mamiriro ekuongorora anogonawo kutsanangurwa kuburikidza nekutaurirana pakati pemuvaki (mushandisi) nebato rekuongorora."
Kuyerera kwemhepo kunonyanya kuvimba nemhepo yakachena kuti isundire nekudzinga mhepo yakasviba mukamuri nenzvimbo kuti ichengetedze kuchena kwekamuri nenzvimbo. Nokudaro, kumhanya kwemhepo uye kufanana kwemhepo chikamu chemhepo inounzwa nemhepo ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kuchena. Mhepo yakakwira uye yakafanana inogona kubvisa tsvina inokonzerwa nemabasa emumba nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira, saka ndizvo zvinhu zvekuongorora zvemukamuri rakachena zvatinonyanya kutarisa.
Kuyerera kwemhepo kusingaenderane nedivi rimwe chete kunonyanya kutsamira pamhepo yakachena inopinda kuti ideredze nekudzikamisa tsvina iri mukamuri nenzvimbo kuti irambe yakachena. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti kana mhepo ikachinja zvakanyanya uye kuyerera kwemhepo kwakakodzera, kuyerera kwemhepo kuchava nani. Saka, huwandu hwemhepo inoyerera uye kuchinja kwemhepo kunoenderana nemhepo mumakamuri asina kuyerera kwechikamu chimwe chete nenzvimbo dzakachena zvinhu zvakayedzwa kuyerera kwemhepo zvakakwezva kutariswa kukuru.
2. Tembiricha nehunyoro
Kuyerwa kwetembiricha nehunyoro mumakamuri akachena kana mumaworkshop akachena kunogona kukamurwa kuita mazinga maviri: kuyedzwa kwakajairika uye kuyedzwa kwakazara. Bvunzo yekubvuma kupedzisa muchimiro chisina chinhu inonyanya kukodzera giredhi rinotevera; bvunzo yekugona kushanda muchimiro chisina kusimba kana chinoshanduka inonyanya kukodzera giredhi rinotevera. Rudzi urwu rwebvunzo rwakakodzera zviitiko zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya patembiricha nehunyoro.
Bvunzo iyi inoitwa mushure mekuyedzwa kwekufanana kwemhepo uye kugadziriswa kwesystem yekutonhodza mhepo. Munguva iyi yebvunzo, system yekutonhodza mhepo yakashanda zvakanaka uye mamiriro akasiyana-siyana agadzikana. Zvinodiwa kuisa sensor yekunyorova munzvimbo yega yega yekudzora hunyoro, uye kupa sensor nguva yakakwana yekugadzikana. Kuyera kunofanirwa kukodzera kushandiswa chaiko kusvika sensor yagadzikana usati watanga kuyedza. Nguva yekuyera inofanira kunge inopfuura maminetsi mashanu.
3. Musiyano wekumanikidzwa
Rudzi urwu rwekuyedza nderwekuvimbisa kugona kuchengetedza musiyano wepfungwa pakati penzvimbo yapera nenzvimbo yakapoteredza, uye pakati penzvimbo yega yega iri muchivako. Kuongororwa uku kunoshanda kune ese matatu mamiriro ekugara. Kuongororwa uku kwakakosha. Kuonekwa kwepfungwa kunofanirwa kuitwa nemasuo ese akavharwa, kutanga kubva pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kusvika pakumanikidzwa kwakaderera, kutanga kubva mukamuri remukati kure nekunze maererano nehurongwa, uye wobva waedza kunze nenzira dzakatevedzana. Makamuri akachena emhando dzakasiyana ane maburi akabatana ane nzira dzakaringana dzekufambisa mweya pamasuo.
Zvinodiwa pakuedza musiyano wekumanikidzwa:
(1) Kana magonhi ese ari munzvimbo yakachena achifanira kuvharwa, musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwakasimba unoyerwa.
(2) Mukamuri rakachena, rambai makatevedzana kubva pakuchena kwakanyanya kusvika kushoma kusvika imba ine mukana wekupinda zvakananga kunze yaonekwa.
(3) Kana pasina mhepo inoyerera mumba, muromo wechubhu yekuyera unofanirwa kuiswa panzvimbo chero ipi zvayo, uye pamusoro pemuromo wechubhu yekuyera unofanirwa kuenderana nekuyerera kwemhepo.
(4) Ruzivo rwakayerwa uye rwakanyorwa runofanira kunge rwakarurama kusvika pa1.0Pa.
Matanho ekuona musiyano wekumanikidzwa:
(1) Vhara masuo ese.
(2) Shandisa muchina wekuyera kudzvanywa kwemhepo kuti uverenge musiyano wekudzikira kwemhepo pakati peimba yega yega yakachena, pakati penzira dzemukamuri dzakachena, uye pakati penzira dzemukamuri nenyika yekunze.
(3) Ruzivo rwese runofanira kunyorwa.
Zvinodiwa zvemusiyano wekumanikidzwa:
(1) Musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwesimba pakati pemakamuri akachena kana nzvimbo dzakachena dzine mazinga akasiyana uye makamuri asina kuchena (nzvimbo) unodiwa kuti uve kupfuura 5Pa.
(2) Musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo pakati peimba yakachena (nzvimbo) nekunze unodiwa kuti uve kupfuura 10Pa.
(3) Kumakamuri akachena anoyerera nenzira imwe chete ane mwero wekuchena kwemhepo wakaoma kupfuura ISO 5 (Kirasi 100), kana gonhi ravhurwa, huwandu hweguruva panzvimbo yekushandira yemukati ye 0.6m mukati megonhi hunofanira kunge huri pasi pemuganhu wekuwanda kweguruva wehuwandu hwehuwandu hunoenderana.
(4) Kana zvinodiwa zviri pamusoro apa zvikasazadzikiswa, huwandu hwemhepo itsva nehuwandu hwemhepo inobuda zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa kusvika zvanyatsokodzera.
4. Zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa
(1) Vaongorori vemukati meimba vanofanira kupfeka mbatya dzakachena uye vanofanira kunge vari pasi pevanhu vaviri. Vanofanira kunge vari parutivi rwemhepo iri pasi penzvimbo yekuyedza uye kure nenzvimbo yekuyedza. Vanofanira kufamba zvishoma pavanenge vachichinja nzvimbo kudzivirira kuwedzera kupindira kwevashandi pakuchena kwemukati.
(2) Midziyo yacho inofanira kushandiswa mukati menguva yekuongororwa.
(3) Midziyo inofanira kucheneswa isati yaedzwa uye mushure mekuyedzwa.
(4) Munzvimbo yekuyerera kwemhepo inoenda kudivi rimwe chete, sample probe yakasarudzwa inofanira kunge iri pedyo ne dynamic sample, uye kutsauka kwemhepo inopinda mu sample probe uye kumhanya kwemhepo kuri kutorwa kunofanira kunge kuri pasi pe20%. Kana izvi zvikasaitwa, sample port inofanira kutarisana negwara guru rekuyerera kwemhepo. Kune nzvimbo dzesamples dzisina divi rimwe chete, sample port inofanira kunge yakamira kumusoro.
(5) Pombi inobatanidza kubva pachiteshi chekuyedza kuenda kuchinhu chinoona guruva inofanira kunge iri pfupi sezvinobvira.
5. Mabhakitiriya ari kuyangarara
Huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekuyeresa dzakaderera hunoenderana nehuwandu hwenzvimbo dzekuyeresa dzezvimedu zvakasungirirwa. Nzvimbo dzekuyeresa munzvimbo yebasa dziri pamusoro pevhu dzinenge 0.8-1.2m. Nzvimbo dzekuyeresa dziri panzvimbo dzinopa mweya dziri 30cm kubva pamusoro penzvimbo inopa mweya. Nzvimbo dzekuyeresa dzinogona kuwedzerwa pamidziyo mikuru kana munzvimbo dzinoita basa guru. , nzvimbo yega yega yekuyeresa inowanzo torwa kamwe chete.
6. Mabhakitiriya agadzikana
Shanda uri kure ne 0.8-1.2m kubva pasi. Isa dhishi rakagadzirwa rePetri panzvimbo yekutorwa sampuli. Vhura chifukidziro chedhishi rePetri. Mushure menguva yakatarwa, vhara dhishi rePetri zvakare. Isa dhishi rePetri mu incubator inodziya tembiricha yakaenzana kuti urime. Nguva inodiwa kwemaawa anopfuura 48, batch yega yega inofanira kuongororwa kuti ione kana paine kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo yekurera.
7. Ruzha
Kana kukwirira kwekuyera kuri 1.2 metres kubva pasi uye nzvimbo yekamuri yakachena iri mukati memamita gumi nemashanu emativi, poindi imwe chete pakati pekamuri inogona kuyerwa; kana nzvimbo yacho iri kupfuura 15 mativi emativi, poindi ina dzakatarisana dzinofanirawo kuyerwa, poindi imwe chete kubva pamadziro eparutivi, poindi dzekuyera dzakatarisana nekona yega yega.
8. Kuvhenekerwa
Nzvimbo yekuyera iri kure nemamita 0.8 kubva pasi, uye nzvimbo dzacho dzakarongwa dziri kure nemamita maviri. Kumakamuri ari mukati memamita makumi matatu emasekondi, nzvimbo dzekuyera dziri kure nemamita 0.5 kubva pamadziro eparutivi. Kumakamuri makuru kupfuura mamita makumi matatu emasekondi, nzvimbo dzekuyera dziri kure nemamita imwe kubva pamadziro.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-14-2023