Kazhinji inoshandiswa mukugadzira kana kutsvagisa kwesainzi, imba yakachena inzvimbo inodzorwa ine huwandu hushoma hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa zvakaita seguruva, tupukanana tunobhururuka, tunhu tunofefetera, uye utsi hwemakemikari. Kutaura chokwadi, imba yakachena ine huwandu hwakadzorwa hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa hunotsanangurwa nehuwandu hwetunhu pa cubic mita pahukuru hwakatarwa hwetunhu. Mhepo iri kunze kweguta ine 35,000,000 tunhu pa cubic mita, 0.5 micron uye yakakura mudhayamita, zvichienderana ne ISO 9 clean room iri padanho rakaderera rezviyero zvemakamuri akachena.
Rondedzero Yekamuri Rakachena
Makamuri akachena anoshandiswa muindasitiri dzese uko zvidimbu zvidiki zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ekugadzira. Anosiyana muhukuru uye kuoma, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekugadzira semiconductor, mishonga, biotech, zvishandiso zvekurapa nesainzi yehupenyu, pamwe nekugadzira maitiro akakosha anowanikwa mundege, optics, mauto uye dhipatimendi resimba.
Kamuri rakachena inzvimbo chero ipi zvayo ine zvinhu zviripo inogadziriswa kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvikamu uye kudzora zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sekupisa, hunyoro uye kumanikidzwa. Chinhu chikuru ifirita yeHigh Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) inoshandiswa kubata zvidimbu zvine saizi ye0.3 micron uye yakakura. Mhepo yese inounzwa mukamuri rakachena inopfuura nemafirita eHEPA, uye mune dzimwe nguva kana kuchena kwakanyatsonaka kuchidikanwa, mafirita eUltra Low Particulate Air (ULPA) anoshandiswa.
Vashandi vakasarudzwa kushanda mumakamuri akachena vanodzidziswa zvakadzama nezvedzidziso yekudzora kusvibiswa. Vanopinda nekubuda mukamuri rakachena kuburikidza nemagetsi anovharwa, mashawa emhepo uye/kana makamuri ekupfeka, uye vanofanirwa kupfeka mbatya dzakagadzirirwa kubata tsvina inogadzirwa neganda nemuviri.
Zvichienderana nekurongwa kwemakamuri kana basa rawo, mapfekero evashandi anogona kunge akaganhurirwa semajasi emurabhoritari nemambure ebvudzi, kana kuti akakura semapfekero etsuro dzetsuro dzakawanda dzine jira remuchina wekufema wakazvimiririra.
Mbatya dzemukamuri dzakachena dzinoshandiswa kudzivirira zvinhu kuti zvisaburitswe mumuviri wemunhu akapfeka uye kusvibisa nharaunda. Mbatya dzemukamuri dzakachena hadzifanirwe kuburitsa zvidimbu kana shinda kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwenharaunda nevashandi. Rudzi urwu rwekusvibiswa kwevashandi runogona kukanganisa mashandiro ezvigadzirwa mumaindasitiri ema semiconductor nemishonga uye zvinogona kukonzera hutachiona pakati pevashandi vekurapa nevarwere vari muindasitiri yehutano semuenzaniso.
Zvipfeko zvemukamuri zvakachena zvinosanganisira bhutsu, shangu, maapuroni, machira ekufukidza ndebvu, machira ekufukidza, mamasiki echiso, majasi emukamuri/majasi emurabhoritari, magown, magirovhosi nemachira emunwe, mambure ebvudzi, mahood, maoko nemachira ebhutsu. Rudzi rwezvipfeko zvemukamuri zvakachena zvinoshandiswa runofanira kuratidza zvinodiwa zvemukamuri zvakachena uye zvigadzirwa. Makamuri akachena akaderera anogona kungoda shangu dzakakosha dzine tsoka dzakatsetseka dzisingapindi guruva kana tsvina. Zvisinei, pasi peshangu hadzifanirwe kukonzera njodzi nekuti kuchengetedzeka kunogara kuchikosha. Sutu yemukamuri yakachena inowanzo dikanwa kuti upinde mukamuri rakachena. Makamuri akachena ekirasi 10,000 anogona kushandisa machira akareruka, machira ekufukidza musoro, uye mabhutsu. Kumakamuri akachena ekirasi 10,000, kupfeka magauni nemachira ekufukidza ane zipu, mabhutsu, magurovhosi uye nzvimbo yakakwana yekufema zvinodiwa.
Nheyo dzeKuyerera kweMhepo Mukamuri Rakachena
Makamuri akachena anochengetedza mweya usina tunhu tudiki kuburikidza nekushandisa mafirita eHEPA kana ULPA anoshandisa nzira dze laminar kana turbulent air flow. Masisitimu e Laminar, kana kuti e unidirectional, air flow anotungamira mweya wakaseferwa pasi mu constant stream. Masisitimu e Laminar air flow anowanzo shandiswa pa 100% yedenga kuti arambe achienderera mberi ne constant directional flow. Laminar flow criteria inowanzo taurwa munzvimbo dzebasa dzinotakurika (LF hoods), uye inorayirwa mu ISO-1 kuburikidza ne ISO-4 classified clean rooms.
Kugadzirwa kwemakamuri akachena kwakakodzera kunosanganisira sisitimu yese yekugovera mweya, kusanganisira zvinhu zvinopa mweya wakaringana, unodzoka pasi pemvura. Mumakamuri ekuyerera akamira, izvi zvinoreva kushandiswa kwemhepo yakaderera inodzoka pamadziro akatenderedza nzvimbo yacho. Mukushandiswa kwekuyerera kwakatwasuka, zvinoda kushandiswa kwemhepo inodzoka pamuganhu wepasi penzira yacho. Kushandiswa kwemhepo inodzoka padenga kunopesana nekugadzirwa kwesystem yemakamuri akachena kwakakodzera.
Kupatsanura Makamuri Akachena
Makamuri akachena anorongwa zvichienderana nekuti mweya wakachena sei. MuFederal Standard 209 (A kusvika D) yeUSA, huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaenzana uye zvinopfuura 0.5µm hunoyerwa mu cubic foot imwe yemhepo, uye kuverenga uku kunoshandiswa kupatsanura imba yakachena. Iyi metric nomenclature inogamuchirwawo mu209E version yazvino yeStandard. Federal Standard 209E inoshandiswa munyika. Standard itsva iTC 209 kubva kuInternational Standards Organisation. Standards dzese dziri mbiri dzinopatsanura imba yakachena nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinowanikwa mumhepo yerabhoritari. Standards dzekuchenesa makamuri FS 209E neISO 14644-1 dzinoda kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakati wandei uye kuverenga kuti dzipatsanure mwero wekuchena kwekamuri rakachena kana nzvimbo yakachena. MuUK, British Standard 5295 inoshandiswa kupatsanura makamuri akachena. Standard iyi yava kuda kutsiviwa neBS EN ISO 14644-1.
Makamuri akachena anorongwa zvichienderana nehuwandu nehukuru hwezvidimbu zvinobvumirwa pahuwandu hwemhepo. Nhamba huru dzakadai se "kirasi 100" kana "kirasi 1000" dzinoreva FED_STD-209E, uye dzinoratidza huwandu hwezvidimbu zvehukuru hwe0.5 µm kana hukuru zvinobvumirwa pa cubic foot yemhepo. Standard inobvumirawo interpolation, saka zvinokwanisika kutsanangura semuenzaniso "kirasi 2000."
Nhamba diki dzinoreva zviyero zveISO 14644-1, izvo zvinotsanangura decimal logarithm yehuwandu hwezvikamu 0.1 µm kana kupfuura zvinobvumidzwa pa cubic mita yemhepo. Saka, semuenzaniso, imba yakachena yeISO class 5 ine zvikamu 105 = 100,000 pa m³.
FS 209E neISO 14644-1 zvese zvinofungidzira hukama pakati pehukuru hwezvinhu uye huwandu hwezvinhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hapana chinhu chinonzi huwandu hwezvinhu husina zero. Mhepo yemukamuri yakajairika inenge iri kirasi 1,000,000 kana ISO 9.
ISO 14644-1 Maitiro Emakamuri Akachena
| Kirasi | Zvidimbu Zvakawanda/m3 | FED STD 209EEyakaenzana | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | chiuru | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Kirasi 1 | |
| ISO 4 | zviuru gumi | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Kirasi 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Kirasi 100 |
| ISO 6 | chiuru chezviuru | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Kirasi chiuru |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Kirasi 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Kirasi 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Mhepo Yemukamuri | |||
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-29-2023