Kamuri rakachena rinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa neInternational Organisation of Standardization (ISO) kuti rive muchikamu. ISO, yakavambwa muna 1947, yakavambwa kuitira kushandisa zviyero zvepasi rose zvezvinhu zvine chekuita nekutsvagisa kwesainzi uye maitiro ebhizinesi, zvakaita sekushanda nemakemikari, zvinhu zvinoputika, uye zvishandiso zvine chekuita nekunzwa. Kunyangwe sangano iri rakagadzirwa nekuzvidira, zviyero zvakatangwa zvakaisa nheyo dzekutanga dzinoremekedzwa nemasangano pasi rese. Nhasi, ISO ine zviyero zvinopfuura 20,000 zvemakambani zvekushandisa segwara.
Kamuri rekutanga rakachena rakagadzirwa uye rakagadzirwa naWillis Whitfield muna 1960. Dhizaini nechinangwa chekamuri rakachena ndechekuchengetedza mashandiro aro nezviri mukati maro kubva kune chero zvinhu zvekunze zvakatipoteredza. Vanhu vanoshandisa imba yacho nezvinhu zvakaedzwa kana kuvakwa mairi zvinogona kutadzisa imba yakachena kusangana nemazinga ayo ekuchena. Kudzora kwakakosha kunodiwa kubvisa zvinhu izvi zvine dambudziko zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Kupatsanurwa kwemakamuri akachena kunoyera huwandu hwehutsanana nekuverenga saizi nehuwandu hwezvidimbu pahubhu imwe neimwe yemhepo. Mayuniti aya anotangira paISO 1 oenda kuISO 9, ISO 1 iriyo yepamusoro-soro yehutsanana ukuwo ISO 9 iriyo yakasviba zvakanyanya. Makamuri mazhinji akachena ari muchikamu cheISO 7 kana 8.
MaParticulate Standards eSangano Renyika Dzepasi Pose
| Kirasi | Zvidimbu Zvakawanda/m3 | Kudya Kwemhuri Kwezvirwere Zvepfungwa 209E Zvakaenzana | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | chiuru | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Kirasi 1 | |
| ISO 4 | zviuru gumi | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Kirasi 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Kirasi 100 |
| ISO 6 | chiuru chezviuru | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Kirasi chiuru |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Kirasi 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Kirasi 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Mhepo Yemukamuri | |||
Mitemo yeFederal 209 E - Kupatsanurwa kweMitemo yeMakamuri Akachena
| Zvidimbu Zvakawanda/m3 | |||||
| Kirasi | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | >=10 µm | >=25 µm |
| Kirasi 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kirasi 2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Kirasi 3 | chiuru chezviuru | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Kirasi 4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Maitiro ekuchengetedza kurongeka kwekamuri kwakachena
Sezvo chinangwa chekamuri rakachena chiri chekudzidza kana kushanda pazvinhu zvisina kusimba uye zvinopfava, zvinoita sezvisingaite kuti chinhu chakasviba chipinzwe munzvimbo yakadaro. Zvisinei, pane njodzi nguva dzose, uye matanho anofanira kutorwa kuti chidzorwe.
Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinogona kuderedza kupatsanurwa kwekamuri rakachena. Chinhu chekutanga vanhu vanoshandisa imba yacho. Chechipiri zvinhu kana zvinhu zvinounzwa mairi. Pasinei nekutsaurirwa kwevashandi vekamuri rakachena, zvikanganiso zvinotoitika. Kana vanhu vachimhanya-mhanya, vanogona kukanganwa kutevedzera zvese zvinodiwa, kupfeka mbatya dzisina kukodzera, kana kuregeredza chimwe chinhu chekuzvitarisira.
Mukuedza kudzora kukanganiswa uku, makambani ane zvinodiwa zvemhando yembatya dzinofanira kupfekwa nevashandi vemukamuri rakachena, izvo zvinokanganiswa nemaitiro anodiwa mukamuri rakachena. Mbatya dzemukamuri dzakajairika dzinosanganisira kufukidza tsoka, ngowani kana mambure ebvudzi, kupfeka maziso, magirovhosi negown. Mitemo yakasimba inotaura nezvekupfeka masutu emuviri wese ane mweya unodzikamisa mweya unodzivisa mupfeki kusvibisa imba yakachena nekufema kwake.
Matambudziko ekuchengetedza kupatsanurwa kwekamuri rakachena
Hunhu hwesystem inotenderera mhepo mukamuri rakachena ndiro dambudziko guru rine chekuita nekuchengetedza kamuri rakachena. Kunyangwe imba yakachena yakatove neclassification, classification iyoyo inogona kuchinja kana kurasika zvachose kana iine system isina kunaka yekusefa mhepo. Sisitimu iyi inoenderana zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwemafirita anodiwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemhepo yavo.
Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinofanira kufungwa nezvacho imutengo, unova chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza imba yakachena. Pakuronga kuvaka imba yakachena zvichienderana nemwero chaiwo, vagadziri vanofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvishoma. Chinhu chekutanga huwandu hwemafirita anodiwa kuchengetedza hunhu hwemhepo yekamuri. Chinhu chechipiri chekufunga nezvacho isystem yemhepo inotonhodza kuitira kuti tembiricha iri mukati mekamuri yakachena irambe yakagadzikana. Chekupedzisira, chinhu chechitatu idhizaini yekamuri. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, makambani anozokumbira imba yakachena yakakura kana diki pane yavanoda. Saka, dhizaini yekamuri yakachena inofanira kuongororwa nekungwarira kuitira kuti ikwane zvinodiwa chaizvo zvekushandiswa kwayo.
Ndeapi maindasitiri anoda kurongwa kwakasimba kwemakamuri akachena?
Sezvo tekinoroji iri kufambira mberi, pane zvinhu zvakakosha zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yehunyanzvi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru ndechekudzora zvinhu zvidiki zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emudziyo unonzwa.
Chinhu chinonyanya kudiwa chenzvimbo isina kusvibiswa iindasitiri yemishonga uko utsi kana kusvibisa mhepo zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemushonga. Maindasitiri anogadzira madiki madiki emidziyo chaiyo anofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzirwa nekuunganidzwa kwacho kwakachengetedzwa. Aya ndiwo maviri chete emaindasitiri akawanda anoshandisa makamuri akachena. Mamwe imhepo, optics, uye nanotechnology. Zvishandiso zvehunyanzvi zvava zvidiki uye zvinonzwa zvakanyanya kupfuura kare, ndosaka makamuri akachena achiramba ari chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira nekugadzira zvinobudirira.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-29-2023