Imba yakachena inofanirwa kusangana nezviyero zveInternational Organisation of Standardization (ISO) kuitira kuti igovaniswa. Iyo ISO, yakavambwa muna 1947, yakavambwa kuitira kuti iite zviyero zvepasi rose zvezvinhu zvinonetsa zvekutsvaga kwesainzi uye maitiro ebhizinesi, sekushanda nemakemikari, zvinhu zvinoputika, uye zviridzwa zvinonzwisisika. Kunyange zvazvo sangano rakagadzirwa nokuzvidira, mitemo yakagadzwa yakaisa nheyo dzenheyo munzvimbo inokudzwa nemasangano pasi rose. Nhasi, iyo ISO ine pamusoro pe20,000 zviyero zvemakambani kushandisa segwara.
Imba yekutanga yakachena yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa naWillis Whitfield muna 1960. Chimiro uye chinangwa chekamuri yakachena ndechekudzivirira maitiro ayo uye zviri mukati kubva kune chero kunze kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Vanhu vanoshandisa kamuri racho nezvinhu zvakaedzwa kana kuti kuvakwa mariri vangadzivisa kamuri rakachena kusvitsa mipimo yaro youtsanana. Kudzora kwakakosha kunodiwa kubvisa izvi zvinonetsa zvinhu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Kupatsanurwa kwekamuri kwakachena kunoyera mwero wehutsanana nekuverenga ukuru uye huwandu hwezvikamu pacubic vhoriyamu yemhepo. Iwo mayunitsi anotangira paISO 1 oenda kuISO 9, ISO 1 ichiva chinhanho chepamusoro chehutsanana ukuwo ISO 9 iri iyo yakasviba zvakanyanya. Makamuri mazhinji akachena anowira mu ISO 7 kana 8 renji.
International Organisation of Standardization Particulate Standards
| Kirasi | Maximum Particles/m3 | FED STD 209E Equivalent | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Kirasi 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Kirasi 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Kirasi 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Kirasi 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Kirasi 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Kirasi 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Room Air | |||
Federal Standards 209 E - Yakachena Room Standards Classifications
| Maximum Particles/m3 | |||||
| Kirasi | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | >=10 µm | >=25 µm |
| Kirasi 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kirasi 2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Kirasi 3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Kirasi 4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Nzira yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakachena yekamuri
Sezvo chinangwa chekamuri rakachena chiri chokudzidza kana kuti kushanda pazvinhu zvisina kusimba uye zvisina kusimba, zvingaita sezvisingabviri kuti chinhu chine utachiona chipinzwe munzvimbo yakadaro. Zvisinei, pane ngozi nguva dzose, uye matanho anofanira kutorwa kuidzora.
Pane maviri akasiyana anogona kuderedza kupatsanurwa kwekamuri. Musiyano wekutanga ndeye vanhu vanoshandisa mukamuri. Chechipiri zvinhu kana zvinhu zvinounzwa mariri. Pasinei nekutsaurirwa kwevashandi vekamuri yakachena, zvikanganiso zvinosungirwa kuitika. Kana vachikasira, vanhu vanogona kukanganwa kutevedzera zvese zvakatemerwa, kupfeka zvipfeko zvisina kufanira, kana kuregeredza chimwe chinhu chekutarisira wega.
Mukuedza kudzora izvi zvinotarisirwa, makambani ane zvinodiwa zverudzi rwembatya yakachena yekamuri vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka, izvo zvinokanganiswa nemaitiro anodiwa muimba yakachena. Zvipfeko zvemumba zvakachena zvinosanganisira zvinovhara tsoka, kepisi kana mambure ebvudzi, kupfeka maziso, magirovhosi uye gauni. Mitemo yakaomesesa inotaura kupfekedzwa kwemasutu emuviri wakazara ane mhepo inopindira yega iyo inodzivirira munhu akapfeka kusvibisa imba yakachena nekufema kwavo.
Matambudziko ekuchengetedza kamuri rakachena
Hunhu hwemhepo inotenderera system mukamuri rakachena ndiro dambudziko rakakosha rine chekuita nekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakachena yekamuri. Kunyange zvazvo imba yakachena yakatove yakagamuchira mutsara, iyo mutsara inogona kuchinja nyore nyore kana kurasika zvachose kana iine hurombo hwemhepo yekusefa. Iyo sisitimu zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwemasefa anodiwa uye nekubudirira kwekuyerera kwemhepo yavo.
Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinofanira kufungwa nezvacho imari, inova chikamu chikuru chekuchengetedza imba yakachena. Mukuronga kuvaka imba yakachena kune imwe chiyero, vagadziri vanofanirwa kutora zvinhu zvishoma mukufunga. Chinhu chekutanga nhamba yemasefa anodiwa kuchengetedza mweya wemukamuri. Chinhu chechipiri chekufunga nezvacho ndeye air conditioning system kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha iri mukati mekamuri yakachena inoramba yakagadzikana. Pakupedzisira, chinhu chechitatu ndicho kugadzirwa kwekamuri. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, makambani anokumbira imba yakachena iyo yakakura kana idiki pane yavanoda. Naizvozvo, dhizaini yekamuri yakachena inofanirwa kunyatsoongororwa kuitira kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvekushandiswa kwayo.
Ndeapi maindasitiri anoda kuomesesa kuchena kwemakamuri ezvikamu?
Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, pane zvakakosha zvinhu zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwekushandisa. Imwe yenyaya hombe kudzora kweminiscule zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwechinhu chinotyisa.
Chinonyanya kudiwa nharaunda isina kusvibiswa iindasitiri yemishonga umo utsi kana zvinosvibisa mweya zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemushonga. Maindasitiri anogadzira akaomesesa madiki maseketi ezviridzwa chaizvo anofanirwa kuvimbiswa kuti kugadzira uye kusangana kwakadzivirirwa. Aya ndiwo maviri chete emaindasitiri mazhinji anoshandisa makamuri akachena. Mimwe iaerospace, optics, uye nanotechnology. Zvishandiso zvehunyanzvi zvave zvidiki uye zvakanyanya kutarisisa kupfuura nakare kose, ndosaka makamuri akachena achiramba ari chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira nekugadzira kunoshanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-29-2023