Bhizinesi remakamuri akacheneswa akasiyana-siyana uye hunhu hwakafanana nehwekuchena

Indasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi:

Nekuvandudzwa kwemakomputa, michina yemagetsi uye tekinoroji yeruzivo, indasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi yafambira mberi nekukurumidza, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi yave ichikurudzirwawo. Panguva imwe chete, zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvakaiswa pamberi pekugadzirwa kwekamuri rakachena. Kugadzirwa kwekamuri rakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi tekinoroji yakazara. Kungonzwisisa zvizere hunhu hwekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi muindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi uye kugadzira magadzirirwo akakodzera ndiko kunogona kuderedza mwero wezvigadzirwa muindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzira.

Hunhu hwekamuri rakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi:

Zvinodiwa pakuchena zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hwemhepo, tembiricha, hunyoro, musiyano wekumanikidzwa, uye utsi hwemidziyo zvinodzorwa sezvinodiwa. Kupenya uye kumhanya kwemhepo kwechikamu chekamuri rakachena zvinodzorwa zvichienderana nedhizaini kana zvakataurwa. Pamusoro pezvo, rudzi urwu rwekamuri rakachena rune zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pamagetsi asingachinji. Zvinodiwa zvehunyoro zvakanyanya. Nekuti magetsi asingachinji anowanikwa nyore nyore mufekitori yakaoma zvakanyanya, zvinokonzera kukuvadzwa kwekubatanidzwa kweCMOS. Kazhinji, tembiricha yefekitori yemagetsi inofanira kudzorwa pa22°C, uye hunyoro hunofanirwa kudzorwa pakati pe50-60% (kune mitemo yakakodzera yekupisa nehunyoro yekamuri rakachena). Panguva ino, magetsi asingachinji anogona kubviswa zvinobudirira uye vanhu vanogonawo kunzwa vakasununguka. Maworkshop ekugadzira machip, makamuri akabatanidzwa ekuchenesa edunhu uye maworkshop ekugadzira madhisiki zvikamu zvakakosha zvekamuri rakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira maelektroni. Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pamamiriro ekunze emukati uye mhando panguva yekugadzira nekugadzira, zvinonyanya kutarisa pakudzora zvidimbu neguruva rinoyangarara, uye zvakare zvine mitemo yakasimba pakupisa, hunyoro, huwandu hwemhepo itsva, ruzha, nezvimwewo zvenharaunda.

1. Ruzha (isina chinhu) mukamuri rakachena re10,000 refekitori yekugadzira zvemagetsi: harifanirwe kupfuura 65dB (A).

2. Huwandu hwakazara hwenzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura yakatwasuka mufekitori yekugadzira zvemagetsi hahufanirwe kunge huri pasi pe60%, uye nzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura yakatwasuka yakatwasuka haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe40%, zvikasadaro ichave iri nzvimbo yekuyerera kwemvura yakatwasuka.

3. Musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo isina kusimba pakati peimba yakachena nekunze kwefekitori yekugadzira zvemagetsi haufanirwe kunge uri pasi pe10Pa, uye musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo isina kusimba pakati penzvimbo yakachena nenzvimbo isina kuchena ine kuchena kwemhepo kwakasiyana haufanirwe kunge uri pasi pe5Pa.

4. Huwandu hwemhepo yakachena mukirasi 10,000 yemakamuri akachena eindasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi hunofanira kutora huwandu hwezvinhu zviviri zvinotevera:

① Ripa huwandu hwehutsi hwemumba uye huwandu hwemhepo itsva inodiwa kuti irambe iine simba rekumanikidza mukati.

② Iva nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwemhepo yakachena inopihwa muimba yakachena pamunhu paawa imwe neimwe haisi pasi pe40m3.

③ Chidziyo chemuchina wekutonhodza mweya wekuchenesa imba yakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi chinofanira kunge chakashongedzerwa nemhepo itsva uye dziviriro yekudzima magetsi zvakanyanya. Kana hunyoro hwenzvimbo hukashandiswa, dziviriro isina mvura inofanira kuiswa. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora, sisitimu yemhepo itsva inofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa nematanho ekudzivirira kutonhora. Huwandu hwemhepo yekamuri yakachena hunofanira kunge hwakaenzana nezvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera: huwandu hwemhepo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhepo yakachena yekamuri yakachena yefekitori yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi; huwandu hwemhepo yekamuri yakachena yefekitori yemagetsi hunotsanangurwa zvichienderana nekuverenga kwekupisa nehunyoro; huwandu hwemhepo itsva inopihwa kukamuri yakachena yefekitori yekugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi.

 

Indasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu:

Hunhu hwemafekitori emishonga yemhando ye biopharmaceutical:

1. Nzvimbo yekugezera yemishonga yemhando yeBiopharmaceutical haina chete mitengo yepamusoro yemidziyo, maitiro akaoma ekugadzira, zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kuti hutsanana huve hwakanyanya uye husina utachiona, asiwo ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pamhando yevashandi vekugadzira.

2. Njodzi dzinogona kuitika muhupenyu dzichaonekwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kunyanya njodzi dzehutachiona, mabhakitiriya akafa kana masero akafa uye zvikamu kana metabolism mumuviri wemunhu nezvimwe zvipenyu, chepfu, kunzwa uye zvimwe zviitiko zvehupenyu, chepfu yezvigadzirwa, kunzwa uye zvimwe zviitiko zvehupenyu, mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza.

Nzvimbo yakachena: Imba (nzvimbo) umo zvidimbu zveguruva uye kusvibiswa kwehutachiona munzvimbo zvinofanira kudzorwa. Chivako chayo, michina yayo uye mashandisirwo ayo zvine basa rekudzivirira kupinda, kuburitsa uye kuchengetedza tsvina munzvimbo yacho.

Chivharo chemhepo: Nzvimbo yakaparadzana ine magonhi maviri kana kupfuura pakati pemakamuri maviri kana kupfuura (senge makamuri ane mwero wakasiyana wekuchena). Chinangwa chekuisa chivharo chemhepo ndechekudzora kufamba kwemhepo kana vanhu kana zvinhu zvichipinda nekubuda muchivharo chemhepo. Chivharo chemhepo chakakamurwa kuita zvivharo zvemhepo zvevashandi uye zvivharo zvemhepo.

Hunhu hwekamuri rakachena remishonga yemishonga: zvidimbu zveguruva netupukanana zvinofanira kunge zviri zvinhu zvinotarisirwa kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuchena kwemushandi wekugadzira mishonga kwakakamurwa kuita mazinga mana: kirasi yemuno 100, kirasi 1000, kirasi 10000 uye kirasi 30000 pasi pekirasi 100 kana kirasi 10000.

Tembiricha yekamuri yakachena: pasina zvinodiwa zvakakosha, pa18~26 degrees, uye hunyoro hunodzorwa pa45%~65%. Kudzora kusvibiswa kwema biopharmaceutical clean workshops: kudzora kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo, kudzora kupararira kwemaitiro, uye kudzora kusvibiswa kwemvura. Tekinoroji huru yemishonga yemukamuri yakachena inonyanya kudzora guruva netupukanana. Sechinhu chinosvibisa, tupukanana tunonyanya kukosheswa pakudzora nharaunda yemukamuri yakachena. Kusvibiswa kwakaunganidzwa mumidziyo nemapaipi munzvimbo yakachena yefekitori yemishonga kunogona kusvibisa mishonga zvakananga, asi hazvikanganisi bvunzo yekuchena. Hutsanana hwakasiyana haukodzeri kuratidza hunhu hwemuviri, makemikari, radioactive uye hunhu hunokosha hwetupukanana twakamiswa. Hazvina kujairana nemaitiro ekugadzira mishonga, zvikonzero zvekusvibiswa nenzvimbo dzinoungana tsvina, uye nzira nemiyero yekuongorora yekubvisa tsvina.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera akajairika mukushandurwa kwetekinoroji yeGMP yezvirimwa zvemishonga:

Nekuda kwekusanzwisisa pfungwa dzemunhu, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yakachena mukugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo hakuna kunaka, uye pakupedzisira mamwe mafekitori emishonga akaisa mari yakawanda mukuchinja, asi mhando yemishonga haina kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya.

Kugadzira nekuvaka zvivako zvekugadzira mishonga yakachena, kugadzira nekuisa michina nenzvimbo muzvivako, mhando yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye zvekubatsira uye zvinhu zvekurongedza zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira, uye kusashandiswa zvakanaka kwemaitiro ekudzora vanhu vakachena nenzvimbo dzakachena kunokanganisa mhando yechigadzirwa. Zvikonzero zvinokanganisa mhando yechigadzirwa mukuvaka ndezvekuti pane matambudziko muchikamu chekudzora maitiro, uye kune njodzi dzakavanda panguva yekuisa nekuvaka, idzo dzinotevera:

① Rusvingo rwemukati rwemugero wemhepo wegadziriro yekuchenesa mhepo haina kuchena, kubatana hakuna kusimba, uye mwero wekubuda kwemhepo wakakura zvakanyanya;

② Chimiro chesimbi ine ruvara hachina kusimba, zviyero zvekuvhara pakati pekamuri rakachena nedenga remagetsi hazvina kunaka, uye gonhi rakavharwa harina mhepo;

③ Mapurofayiri ekushongedza nemapaipi ekugadzira anoumba makona asina kusimba uye guruva rinoungana muimba yakachena;

④ Dzimwe nzvimbo hadzina kuvakwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemagadzirirwo uye hadzigone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemitemo yakakodzera;

⑤ Hunhu hwechivharo chinoshandiswa hahuna kukwira, zviri nyore kudonha, uye kuora;

⑥ Nzira dzesimbi dzinodzoserwa nedzinobuda nemhepo dzakabatana, uye guruva rinopinda mudura remhepo rinodzoka richibva mumhepo inobuda nemhepo;

⑦ Weld yemukati memadziro haigadzike kana uchibatanidza mapaipi esimbi isina ngura akadai semvura yakacheneswa uye mvura yejekiseni;

⑧ Vharuvhu yekuongorora nzira dzemhepo haishande, uye kuyerera kwemhepo kunokonzera kusvibiswa;

⑨ Hunhu hwekuisa kwemvura musystem yekubvisa mvura hausi padanho repamusoro, uye rack yemapaipi nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zviri nyore kuunganidza guruva;

⑩ Kugadziriswa kwemusiyano wekumanikidzwa kwekamuri rakachena hakukwani uye hakuenderane nezvinodiwa pakugadzira.

 

Indasitiri yekudhinda nekurongedza:

Nekukura kwenharaunda, zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yekudhinda neindasitiri yekurongedza zvave naniwo. Midziyo mikuru yekudhindisa yapinda mukamuri rekuchenesesa, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvikuru mhando yezvigadzirwa zvakadhindwa uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakakodzera. Uku ndiko kubatanidzwa kwakanakisa kweindasitiri yekuchenesa neindasitiri yekudhinda. Kudhinda kunonyanya kuratidza tembiricha nehunyoro hwechigadzirwa munzvimbo yekuputira, huwandu hwezvimedu zveguruva, uye zvakananga kunoita basa rakakosha mumhando yezvigadzirwa uye huwandu hunokodzera. Indasitiri yekurongedza inonyanya kuratidzwa mutembiricha nehunyoro hwenzvimbo, huwandu hwezvimedu zveguruva mumhepo, uye mhando yemvura mumapakeji ezvekudya uye emishonga. Ehe, maitiro ekushanda akajairika evashandi vekugadzira akakoshawo zvikuru.

Kupfapfaidza kusina guruva inzvimbo yakazvimirira yekugadzira yakagadzirwa nesimbi ine mapaneru esimbi, ayo anogona kusefa zvinobudirira kusvibiswa kwemhepo yakaipa kuenda kuzvigadzirwa uye kuderedza guruva munzvimbo yekupfapfaidza uye huwandu hwechigadzirwa husina kunaka. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji isina guruva kunowedzera kuvandudza chitarisiko chezvigadzirwa, zvakaita seTV/kombuta, nharembozha, DVD/VCD, game console, vhidhiyo rekodhi, komputa inobatwa nemaoko yePDA, shell yekamera, odhiyo, hairdryer, MD, makeup, matoyi nezvimwe zvinhu zvebasa. Maitiro: nzvimbo yekurodha → kubvisa guruva nemaoko → kubvisa guruva nemagetsi → kupfapfaidza nemaoko/otomatiki → nzvimbo yekuomesa → nzvimbo yekurapa pendi yeUV → nzvimbo yekutonhorera → nzvimbo yekudhinda skrini → nzvimbo yekuongorora mhando → nzvimbo yekugamuchira.

Kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yekurongedza chikafu isina guruva inoshanda zvinogutsa, zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvinotevera:

① Huwandu hwemhepo inowanikwa muchitoro chekugadzira chikafu chisina guruva hwakakwana kuderedza kana kubvisa kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemukati meimba.

② Mhepo iri muchitoro chekugadzira chikafu chisina guruva inoyerera ichibva munzvimbo yakachena ichienda kunzvimbo yacho isina kuchena, kuyerera kwemhepo ine tsvina kunoderedzwa, uye kuyerera kwemhepo pamusuwo nemuchivako chemukati kwakarurama.

③ Kuwanikwa kwemhepo munzvimbo yekurongedza chikafu isina guruva hakuzonyanyi kuwedzera kusvibiswa kwemukati.

④ Mafambiro emhepo yemukati muchitoro chekugadzira chikafu chisina guruva anogona kuita kuti pasave nenzvimbo inoungana vanhu vakawanda muimba yakavharwa. Kana imba yakachena ikasangana nezvinodiwa nezvinodiwa pamusoro apa, huwandu hwayo hwezvinhu zvidiki kana huwandu hwezvinhu zvidiki (kana zvichidikanwa) hunogona kuyerwa kuti huonekwe kuti hunosangana nezvinodiwa zvakatarwa zvemukamuri yakachena.

 

Indasitiri yekurongedza chikafu:

1. Kuwanda kwemhepo uye huwandu hwemhepo inobuda: Kana iri imba yakachena isina kugadzikana, saka huwandu hwemhepo inobuda uye huwandu hwemhepo inofanira kuyerwa. Kana iri imba yakachena yakanangana neimwe nzira, kumhanya kwayo kwemhepo kunofanira kuyerwa.

2. Kudzora kufamba kwemhepo pakati penzvimbo: Kuti zvionekwe kuti mafambiro emhepo pakati penzvimbo ndeechokwadi, kureva kuti, inoyerera ichibva panzvimbo yakachena ichienda kunzvimbo isina kuchena, zvakakosha kuyedza:

① Musiyano wekumanikidzwa pakati penzvimbo imwe neimwe wakarurama;

② Mafambiro anoita mhepo pamusuwo kana maburi ari pamadziro, pasi, nezvimwewo ndizvo chaizvo, kureva kuti, inoyerera ichibva panzvimbo yakachena ichienda kunzvimbo isina kuchena.

3. Kuona kubuda kwemvura mufirita: Sefa inoshanda zvakanyanya uye furemu yayo yekunze inofanira kuongororwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tsvina yakamiswa haizopfuuri nepa:

① Sefa yakakuvara;

② Mukana uri pakati pesefa nefuremu yayo yekunze;

③ Zvimwe zvikamu zvemudziyo wekusefa wopinda mukamuri.

4. Kuona kubuda kwemvura: Kuedza uku ndekwekuratidza kuti tsvina inobviswa haipindi muzvinhu zvekuvaka yopinda mukamuri rakachena.

5. Kudzora mhepo inoyerera mumba: Rudzi rwebvunzo yekudzora mhepo inoyerera zvinoenderana nemaitiro emhepo inoyerera mukamuri rakachena - ingave ine mhepo inoyerera kana kuti yakanangana neimwe. Kana mhepo inoyerera mukamuri rakachena isina mhepo inoyerera, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti hapana nzvimbo mukamuri isina mhepo yakakwana. Kana iri imba yakachena isina mhepo inoyerera, zvinofanirwa kuonekwa kuti kumhanya kwemhepo negwara remhepo mukamuri rese zvinozadzisa zvinodiwa pakugadzira.

6. Kuwanda kwezvimedu zvakamiswa uye kuwanda kwehutachiona: Kana bvunzo dziri pamusoro dzikasangana nezvinodiwa, kuwanda kwezvimedu uye kuwanda kwehutachiona (kana zvichidikanwa) zvinozoongororwa kuti zvionekwe kuti zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzira imba yakachena.

7. Mimwe miedzo: Pamusoro pemiedzo yekudzora kusvibiswa yataurwa pamusoro apa, imwe kana kupfuura yemiedzo inotevera inofanira kuitwa dzimwe nguva: tembiricha; hunyoro; kugona kupisa mukati uye kutonhora; kukosha kweruzha; kuvheneka; kukosha kwekuzunguzika.

 

Indasitiri yekurongedza mishonga:

1. Zvinodiwa pakudzora nharaunda:

① Ipa mwero wekuchenesa mweya unodiwa pakugadzirwa. Huwandu hwezvimedu zveguruva remhepo netupukanana tupenyu muchirongwa chekuchenesa nzvimbo yekurongedza hunofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva uye kunyorwa. Musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwemhepo pakati penzvimbo dzekurongedza dzemazinga akasiyana unofanirwa kuchengetwa mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa.

② Tembiricha uye hunyoro hwepurojekiti yekuchenesa machira ekugadzira zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzira.

③ Nzvimbo inogadzirwa penicillin, mishonga inokonzera allergies zvakanyanya uye inodzivirira bundu inofanira kunge ine system yemhepo yakazvimirira, uye gasi rinobuda muutsi rinofanira kucheneswa.

④ Kumakamuri anogadzira guruva, michina inoshanda yekuunganidza guruva inofanira kuiswa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kweguruva.

⑤ Kune mamwe makamuri ekugadzira akadai sekuchengetera zvinhu, nzvimbo dzekufema, tembiricha nehunyoro zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzira mishonga nekurongedza.

2. Kuganhurwa kwenzvimbo dzehutsanana uye kuwanda kwemhepo: Imba yakachena inofanira kudzora kuchena kwemhepo, pamwe chete nematanho akadai sekupisa kwenzvimbo, hunyoro, huwandu hwemhepo itsva uye musiyano wekumanikidzwa.

① Kucheneswa kwemhepo uye kuwanda kwemhepo yemuchina wekugadzira mishonga nekuisa machira Kucheneswa kwemhepo yemuchina wekugadzira mishonga nekuisa machira kwakakamurwa kuita mazinga mana: kirasi 100, kirasi 10,000, kirasi 100,000 uye kirasi 300,000. Kuti uone kuwanda kwemhepo yemukamuri rakachena, zvakakosha kuenzanisa huwandu hwemhepo yechinhu chimwe nechimwe uye kutora kukosha kwakanyanya. Mukuita, kuwanda kwemhepo yemuchina we100 i300-400 times/awa, kirasi 10,000 i25-35 times/awa, uye kirasi 100,000 i15-20 times/awa.

② Kugadzwa kwenzvimbo dzakachena dzepurojekiti yenzvimbo yekurongedza mishonga. Kugadzwa kwenzvimbo chaiyo yekuchena kwenzvimbo yekugadzira mishonga nekurongedza kwakavakirwa pachiyero chenyika chekuchenesa.

③ Kutsvaga zvimwe zvinhu zvekuchengetedza nharaunda muchirongwa chekuchenesa chemushandi wekurongedza.

④ Tembiricha nehunyoro hwepurojekiti yekuchenesa imba yekurongedza. Tembiricha nehunyoro hweimba yekushambidza zvinofanirwa kuenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira mishonga. Tembiricha: 20~23℃ (zhizha) yekirasi 100 uye kirasi 10,000 kuchena, 24~26℃ yekirasi 100,000 uye kirasi 300,000 kuchena, 26~27℃ yenzvimbo dzakajairika. Kuchena kwekirasi 100 uye 10,000 makamuri asina tsvina. Hunyoro hunoenderana: 45-50% (zhizha) yemishonga inonyungudika, 50%~55% yezvigadzirwa zvakasimba zvakaita semapiritsi, 55%~65% yekubaiwa mvura nezvinwiwa zvinonwiwa.

⑤ Kumanikidzwa kwemukamuri kuti mumba muve nekuchena, kumanikidzwa kwakanaka kunofanira kuchengetedzwa mukati. Kumakamuri akachena anogadzira guruva, zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye anogadzira mishonga yepenicillin inokonzera allergies, kusvibiswa kwekunze kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa kana kumanikidzwa kusina kunaka kunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pakati penzvimbo. Kumanikidzwa kusina kusimba kwemakamuri ane mwero wakasiyana wekuchena. Kumanikidzwa kwemukamuri kunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kusina kusimba, nemusiyano weanopfuura 5Pa kubva mukamuri riri pedyo, uye musiyano wekushomeka pakati pekamuri rakachena nemhepo yekunze unofanirwa kunge wakakura kupfuura 10Pa.

 

Indasitiri yezvekudya:

Chikafu ndicho chinhu chekutanga chinodiwa nevanhu, uye zvirwere zvinobva mumuromo, saka kuchengetedzeka nehutsanana hweindasitiri yezvekudya zvine basa guru muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Kuchengetedzeka nehutsanana hwezvekudya kunonyanya kudiwa kudzorwa muzvikamu zvitatu: chekutanga, mashandiro akajairwa evashandi vekugadzira; chechipiri, kudzora kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunze (nzvimbo yekushandira yakachena inofanira kuiswa. Chechitatu, kwainobva kutenga hakufanirwe kunge kusina zvinhu zvinonetsa zvezvigadzirwa.

Nzvimbo yeworkshop yekugadzira chikafu yakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa kwayo, ine marongerwo akakodzera uye mvura yakatsetseka; pasi peworkshop rakavakwa nezvinhu zvisingatsvedze, zvakasimba, zvisingapindi mvura uye zvinodzivirira ngura, uye rakati sandara, risina mvura yakawanda, uye rinochengetwa rakachena; nzvimbo yekubuda nayo muworkshop nenzvimbo dzinoburitsa mvura nemhepo dzakabatana nenyika yekunze dzakashongedzerwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira makonzo, zvinodzivirira nhunzi uye zvinodzivirira zvipembenene. Madziro, denga, magonhi nemahwindo muworkshop zvinofanirwa kuvakwa nezvinhu zvisina chepfu, zvine ruvara rwakajeka, zvisingapindi mvura, zvinodzivirira kuvhuvhuta, zvisingaderere uye zviri nyore kuchenesa. Makona emadziro, makona epasi nemakona epamusoro anofanira kunge aine arc (radius yekukombama haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe3cm). Matafura ekushanda, mabhandi ekufambisa, mota dzekutakura uye zvishandiso muworkshop zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina chepfu, zvinodzivirira ngura, zvisina ngura, zviri nyore kuchenesa uye zvinouraya utachiona, uye zvinhu zvakasimba. Zvishandiso kana zvinhu zvekushandisa zvinofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo dzakakodzera, uye mapombi anofanira kunge asiri emaoko. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzirisa chigadzirwa, panofanira kuva nenzvimbo dzekuuraya utachiona pasuo remushandi. Panofanira kuva nekamuri rekupfekera rakabatana neworkshop. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzirisa chigadzirwa, zvimbuzi nemakamuri ekugezera zvakabatana neworkshop zvinofanirawo kugadzirwa.

 

Zvemagetsi zveOptoelectronics:

Imba yekugezera yezvigadzirwa zve optoelectronic inowanzo kukodzera zvishandiso zvemagetsi, makomputa, mafekitori e semiconductor, indasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yendege, photolithography, kugadzira microcomputer nedzimwe indasitiri. Pamusoro pekuchena kwemhepo, zvakakoshawo kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa zvekubvisa magetsi asingachinji zvinosangana. Izvi zvinotevera sumo yeworkshop yekuchenesa isina guruva muindasitiri ye optoelectronics, tichitora indasitiri yemazuva ano ye LED semuenzaniso.

Kuiswa kwepurojekiti ye LED cleanroom workshop uye kuongorora nyaya yekuvaka: Mukugadzira uku, zvinoreva kuiswa kwemamwe maworkshop asina guruva ekuchenesa ekugadzirisa terminal, uye kuchena kwayo kunowanzo kuve kirasi 1,000, kirasi 10,000 kana kirasi 100,000 cleanroom workshops. Kuiswa kwe backlight screen cleanroom workshops kunonyanya kuitirwa stamping workshops, assembly uye mamwe maworkshop ekuchenesa ezvigadzirwa zvakadaro, uye kuchena kwayo kunowanzova kirasi 10,000 kana kirasi 100,000 cleanroom workshops. Zvinodiwa zvemukati zve LED cleanroom workshops:

1. Zvinodiwa pakupisa nekunyorova: Tembiricha inowanzo kuve 24±2℃, uye hunyoro hwe55±5%.

2. Huwandu hwemhepo yakachena: Sezvo paine vanhu vakawanda vari mumhando iyi yeworkshop yakachena isina guruva, huwandu hwepamusoro hunotevera hunofanirwa kutorwa zvichienderana nehunhu hunotevera: 10-30% yehuwandu hwemhepo yese inowanikwa muworkshop yekuchenesa isina divi rimwe chete; huwandu hwemhepo itsva hunodiwa kuti utsi hwemumba hutsire uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwemhepo yakanaka yemumba; ive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwemhepo yakachena yemumba pamunhu paawa imwe neimwe i ≥40m3/h.

3. Huwandu hwakawanda hwemhepo. Kuti pave nekuchena uye kupisa nehunyoro mu cleanroom workshop, panodiwa huwandu hwakawanda hwemhepo. Pa workshop ine 300 square metres ine denga rakareba mamita 2.5, kana iri class 10,000 cleanroom workshop, huwandu hwemhepo hunofanirwa kuva 300*2.5*30=22500m3/h (nguva yekuchinja mhepo ndeye ≥25 times/h); kana iri class 100,000 cleanroom workshop, huwandu hwemhepo hunofanirwa kuva 300*2.5*20=15000m3/h (nguva yekuchinja mhepo ndeye ≥15 times/h).

 

Zvekurapa nehutano:

Tekinoroji yakachena inonziwo tekinoroji yekamuri yakachena. Pamusoro pekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvechinyakare zvekupisa nehunyoro mumakamuri ane mhepo inotonhorera, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeinjiniya nehunyanzvi pamwe nekutarisira kwakasimba zvinoshandiswa kudzora huwandu hwezvinhu zviri mukati, kufamba kwemhepo, kumanikidzwa, nezvimwewo mukati menzvimbo yakati. Rudzi urwu rwekamuri runonzi imba yakachena. Imba yakachena inovakwa uye inoshandiswa muchipatara. Nekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwehutano uye tekinoroji yepamusoro, tekinoroji yakachena inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekurapa, uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi pachazvo zvakakwirirawo. Makamuri akachena anoshandiswa mukurapa akakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: makamuri ekuvhiya akachena, mawadhi ekuchengetedza vakwegura akachena uye marabhoritari akachena.

Imba yekuvhiyiwa yemodular:

Imba yekuvhiyira yemodular inotora tupukanana twuri mukati sechinangwa chekudzora, maparamita ekushanda uye zviratidzo zvekupatsanura, uye kuchena kwemhepo chinhu chinodiwa kuti chive nechokwadi. Imba yekuvhiyira yemodular inogona kukamurwa kuita mazinga anotevera zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuchena:

1. Imba yekuvhiyira yakasarudzika: Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekuvhiyira ikirasi 100, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza ikirasi 1,000. Yakakodzera kuvhiyiwa kusina utachiona kwakadai sekutsva, kushandura majoini, kuisirwa nhengo, kuvhiyiwa kweuropi, ophthalmology, kuvhiyiwa kwepurasitiki uye kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo.

2. Modular operation room: Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa ikirasi 1000, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza ikirasi 10,000. Yakakodzera kuvhiyiwa kusina utachiona senge kuvhiyiwa kwechifuva, kuvhiyiwa kwepurasitiki, urology, kuvhiyiwa kwehepatobiliary nepancreatic, kuvhiyiwa kwemapfupa uye kutora mazai.

3. Nzvimbo yekuvhiyira yakajairika: Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekuvhiyira ikirasi yegumi, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza ikirasi yegumi. Yakakodzera kuvhiyiwa kwakajairika, dermatology uye kuvhiyiwa kwedumbu.

4. Imba yekuvhiyira yemhando ye quasi-clean: Kuchena kwemhepo ikirasi 100,000, yakakodzera kuvhiyiwa kwepamuviri, kuvhiyiwa kweanorectal uye mamwe maoparesheni. Pamusoro pehutsanana uye huwandu hwebhakitiriya mukamuri rekuvhiyira rakachena, zviyero zvehunyanzvi zvakakodzera zvinofanirwawo kutevedzera mitemo yakakodzera. Ona tafura huru yezvikamu zvehunyanzvi pamatanho ese mudhipatimendi rekuvhiyira rakachena. Marongerwo enzvimbo yekuvhiyira yemhando ye cellular anofanira kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: nzvimbo yakachena nenzvimbo isina kuchena zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakajairika. Imba yekuvhiyira nemakamuri anoshanda anoshanda zvakananga mukamuri rekuvhiyira anofanirwa kunge ari munzvimbo yakachena. Kana vanhu nezvinhu zvikapfuura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehutsanana mukamuri rekuvhiyira remhando ye cellular, ma airlocks, makamuri e buffer kana pass box zvinofanirwa kuiswa. Imba yekuvhiyira inowanzo kuve iri pakati pechikamu. Mugwagwa wemukati nemugero zvinofanirwa kutevedzera misimboti yekuyerera kwebasa uye kupatsanurwa kwakajeka kwetsvina neyakachena.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakamuri ekuchengetera vakwegura akachena muchipatara:

Mawadhi ekuchengetwa kwevana akachena akakamurwa kuita mawadhi ekuchengetwa kwevana uye mayuniti ekuchengetwa kwevana vanonyanya kurwara. Mawadhi ekuchengetwa kwevana akakamurwa kuita nhanho ina zvichienderana nenjodzi yehupenyu: P1, P2, P3, uye P4. Mawadhi eP1 akafanana nemawadhi akajairwa, uye hapana chinorambidzwa kune vekunze kupinda nekubuda; Mawadhi eP2 akaomarara kupfuura mawadhi eP1, uye vekunze vanowanzo rambidzwa kupinda nekubuda; Mawadhi eP3 akaparadzaniswa nekunze nemasuo akaremara kana makamuri ekuchengetedza, uye kumanikidzwa kwemukati mekamuri hakuna kunaka; Mawadhi eP4 akaparadzaniswa nekunze nenzvimbo dzekuchengetwa kwevana, uye kumanikidzwa kwemukati kusina kunaka kunoramba kuri pa30Pa. Vashandi vekurapa vanopfeka mbatya dzekudzivirira kudzivirira hutachiona. Zvikamu zvevanorwara zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira ICU (intensive care unit), CCU (cardiovascular patient care unit), NICU (premature infant care unit), leukemia room, nezvimwewo. Tembiricha yekamuri yeleukemia 242, kumhanya kwemhepo 0.15-0.3/m/s, hunyoro huri pasi pe60%, uye kuchena kuri mukirasi 100. Panguva imwe chete, mhepo yakachena inounzwa inofanira kusvika mumusoro wemurwere kutanga, kuitira kuti nzvimbo yekufema yemuromo nemhino ive parutivi rwemhepo, uye kuyerera kwakatwasuka kuve nani. Kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwebhakitiriya muwadhi yekutsva kunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemvura yakatwasuka kune zvakanakira zviri pachena pane kurapwa pachena, nekumhanya kwekubaiwa jekiseni re 0.2m/s, tembiricha ye 28-34, uye mwero wehutsanana wekirasi 1000. Zvikamu zvenhengo dzekufema hazviwanzo kuwanikwa muChina. Rudzi urwu rwewadhi rune zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakupisa kwemukati uye hunyoro. Tembiricha inodzorwa pa23-30℃, hunyoro huri 40-60%, uye wadhi yega yega inogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemurwere. Hutsanana hunodzorwa pakati pekirasi 10 nekirasi 10000, uye ruzha rwuri pasi pe45dB (A). Vashandi vanopinda muwadhi vanofanira kucheneswa sekuchinja mbatya uye kugeza, uye wadhi inofanira kuramba ichimanikidzwa zvakanaka.

 

Rabhoritari:

MaLabhoratori akakamurwa kuita marabhoritari akajairwa uye marabhoritari ekuchengetedza zvipenyu. Kuedza kunoitwa mumamarabhoritari akajairwa akachena hakutapukiri, asi nharaunda inofanirwa kusave nemigumisiro yakaipa pakuedza kwacho. Saka, hapana nzvimbo dzekudzivirira murabhoritari, uye kuchena kunofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuedza.

Rabhoritari yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza (biosafety laboratory) kuyedza kwezvakatipoteredza (biosafety laboratory) ine nzvimbo dzekudzivirira dzinokwanisa kuwana dziviriro yechipiri. Kuedza kwese kwesainzi muminda ye microbiology, biomedicine, functional experiments, uye gene recombination kunoda marabhoritari ekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza (biosafety laboratory). Chinhu chikuru chemarabhoritari ekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza inyaya yekuchengetedza, iyo yakakamurwa kuita mazinga mana: P1, P2, P3, uye P4 zvichienderana nehuwandu hwenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza.

Marabhoritari eP1 akakodzera tupukanana twakajairika, tusingawanzo kukonzera zvirwere muvanhu vakuru vane hutano uye tusingapi njodzi kuvashandi vekuyedza uye nharaunda. Musuwo unofanira kuvharwa panguva yekuyedza uye kushanda kunofanira kuitwa zvichienderana nekuyedza kwakajairika kwetupukanana; marabhoritari eP2 akakodzera tupukanana tune njodzi pakati pevanhu nenharaunda. Kusvika kunzvimbo yekuyedza kwakaganhurirwa. Kuyedza kunogona kukonzera maaerosols kunofanirwa kuitwa mumakabati eClass II ekuchengetedza zvipenyu, uye ma autoclaves anofanira kuwanikwa; marabhoritari eP3 anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekurapa, dzekuongorora, dzekudzidzisa, kana dzekugadzira. Basa rine chekuita netupukanana tunobva mumhuka netunobva kunze rinoitwa padanho iri. Kufumurwa uye kufemerwa kwetupukanana kunokonzeresa zvirwere zvakakomba uye zvinogona kuuraya. Marabhoritari ane magonhi maviri kana ma airlocks nenzvimbo yekuyedza iri yoga. Vashandi vasiri vashandi vanorambidzwa kupinda. Marabhoritari ine kumanikidzwa kwakashata. Makabhoni eClass II ekuchengetedza zvipenyu anoshandiswa pakuyedza. Mafirita eHepa anoshandiswa kusefa mhepo yemukati nekuiburitsa kunze. Marabhoritari eP4 ane zvinodiwa zvakaoma kupfuura marabhoritari eP3. Mamwe mabhakitiriya ane njodzi anokonzera kupararira kwezvirwere murabhoritari uye zvirwere zvinouraya zvinokonzerwa nekutapurirana kwemhepo. Basa rakakodzera rinofanira kuitwa mumarabhoritari eP4. Chimiro chenzvimbo yakazvimiririra yekuparadzanisa muchivako uye chikamu chekunze chinotorwa. Kumanikidzwa kwakashata kunochengetwa mukati. Makabati ekuchengetedza zvipenyu eClass III anoshandiswa pakuyedza. Midziyo yekuparadzanisa mhepo nemakamuri ekugezera zvinogadzirwa. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka mbatya dzekudzivirira. Vashandi vasiri vashandi vanorambidzwa kupinda. Chinhu chikuru chekugadzira marabhoritari ekuchengetedza zvipenyu i dynamic isolation, uye matanho ekubudisa utsi ndiwo anonyanya kutariswa. Kuchenesa utachiona panzvimbo yacho kunosimbiswa, uye kutariswa kunopihwa pakuparadzaniswa kwemvura yakachena neyakasviba kudzivirira kupararira netsaona. Kuchena kuri pakati nepakati kunodiwa.