Indasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi:
Nekuvandudzwa kwemakomputa, mamicroelectronics uye tekinoroji yeruzivo, indasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi yakasimukira nekukurumidza, uye tekinoroji yekamuri yakachena yakafambiswawo. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvakaiswa pamberi pekugadzirwa kwekamuri yakachena. Dhizaini yekamuri yakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira yemagetsi tekinoroji yakazara. Chete nekunyatsonzwisisa dhizaini yekamuri yakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira yemagetsi uye kugadzira dhizaini inonzwisisika inogona kukanganisa chiyero chezvigadzirwa muindasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi kudzikiswa uye kugona kwekugadzira kuchivandudzwa.
Hunhu hwekamuri yakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira yemagetsi:
Izvo zvinodiwa zvehutsanana zvakakwirira, uye vhoriyamu yemhepo, tembiricha, humidity, mutsauko wekumanikidza, uye etsi yemidziyo inodzorwa sezvinodiwa. Kuvhenekera uye mhepo yemhepo yechikamu chekamuri yakachena inodzorwa maererano nekugadzirwa kana kutsanangurwa. Uye zvakare, iyi mhando yekamuri yakachena ine zvakanyanya kuomarara zvinodiwa pamagetsi emagetsi. Zvinodikanwa zvekunyorova zvakanyanya kuoma. Nekuti static magetsi anogadzirwa zviri nyore mufekitori yakaoma zvakanyanya, inokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwekubatanidzwa kweCMOS. Kazhinji, tembiricha yefekitari yemagetsi inofanirwa kudzorwa pa22 ° C, uye hunyoro hunofanirwa kudzorwa pakati pe50-60% (kune yakakodzera tembiricha uye hunyoro mitemo yekamuri yakakosha yakachena). Panguva ino, static magetsi anogona kubviswa zvinobudirira uye vanhu vanogonawo kunzwa vakasununguka. Chip yekugadzira maworkshops, yakabatanidzwa yedunhu yakachena kamuri uye dhisiki yekugadzira maworkshops zvakakosha zvikamu zvekamuri yakachena muindasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi. Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvine zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa pamhepo yemukati mhepo uye mhando panguva yekugadzira nekugadzira, ivo vanonyanya kutarisa kudzora zvimedu uye guruva rinoyangarara, uye zvakare vane mirairo yakasimba pamusoro petembiricha, hunyoro, mhepo nyowani, ruzha, nezvimwe. .
1. Noise level (isina chinhu) mukirasi 10,000 kamuri yakachena yemuchina wekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi: haifanirwe kunge yakakura kupfuura 65dB (A).
2. The full coverage ratio of the vertical flow clean room in electronics production plant haifanire kunge iri pasi pe60%, uye yakatwasuka unidirectional flow clean room haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe40%, zvikasadaro ichange iri partial unidirectional flow.
3. The static pressure musiyano pakati pekamuri yakachena uye kunze kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe10Pa, uye iyo static pressure yakasiyana pakati penzvimbo yakachena uye nzvimbo isina kuchena ine hutsanana hwemhepo yakasiyana haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe5Pa. .
4. Huwandu hwemweya mutsva mukirasi 10,000 kamuri yakachena yeindasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi inofanira kutora huwandu hwezvinhu zviviri zvinotevera:
① Dzorera huwandu hwevhoriyamu yekubuda kwemukati uye huwandu hwemweya mutsva unodiwa kuchengetedza iyo yemukati yakanaka yekumanikidza kukosha.
② Ita shuwa kuti huwandu hwemweya mutsva unopihwa mukamuri yakachena pamunhu paawa hausi pasi pe40m3.
③ Iyo hita yekamuri yakachena yekuchenesa air conditioning system muindasitiri yekugadzira zvemagetsi inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa nemweya mutsva uye pamusoro-tembiricha yekudzivirira simba-kuvharwa. Kana pfungwa humidification inoshandiswa, kudzivirira kusina mvura kunofanira kuiswa. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora, iyo nyowani yemhepo system inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa neanopesana nechando ekudzivirira matanho. Mhepo yekupa mhepo yekamuri yakachena inofanira kutora huwandu hunokosha hwezvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera: mhepo yekufambisa mhepo kuti ivimbise hutsanana hwemhepo yekamuri yakachena yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi; mhepo yekugovera vhoriyamu yekamuri yakachena yefekitori yemagetsi inotarwa zvichienderana nekupisa uye humidity mutoro kuverenga; huwandu hwemhepo yakachena inopiwa kukamuri yakachena yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Biomanufacturing indasitiri:
Hunhu hwe biopharmaceutical mafekitori:
1. Biopharmaceutical cleanroom haingove nemitengo yakakwira yemidziyo, maitiro ekugadzira akaomarara, zvinodikanwa zvakakwirira zvemazinga ehutsanana uye sterility, asi zvakare zvine zvinodiwa zvakasimba pamhando yevashandi vekugadzira.
2. Njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzebhayoloji dzichaonekwa mukugadzirwa, kunyanya njodzi dzehutachiona, mabhakitiriya akafa kana maseru akafa uye zvikamu kana metabolism kumuviri wemunhu uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvine chepfu, kunzwisiswa uye kumwe kuita kwebiology, huturu hwechigadzirwa, kunzwisiswa uye kumwe kuita kwebiology, zvakatipoteredza. migumisiro.
Nzvimbo yakachena: Imba (nzvimbo) umo guruva uye kusvibiswa kwehutachiona munzvimbo inoda kudzorwa. Chimiro chayo chekuvaka, midziyo uye kushandiswa kwayo kune basa rekudzivirira kuiswa, kuberekwa uye kuchengetwa kwezvinosvibisa munzvimbo.
Airlock: Nzvimbo iri yoga ine magonhi maviri kana anopfuura pakati pemakamuri maviri kana anopfuura (semakamuri ane hutsanana hwakasiyana). Chinangwa chekumisikidza airlock ndechekudzora kuyerera kwemhepo kana vanhu kana zvinhu zvapinda nekubuda muairlock. Airlocks yakakamurwa kuva vashandi airlocks uye zvinhu airlocks.
Hunhu hunokosha hwekamuri yakachena yebiopharmaceuticals: guruva zvidimbu uye tupukanana tunofanira kunge zviri zvinhu zvekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza. Hutsanana hwemusangano wekugadzira mishonga wakakamurwa kuita nhanho ina: kirasi yenzvimbo 100, kirasi 1000, kirasi 10000 uye kirasi 30000 pasi pemashure ekirasi 100 kana kirasi 10000.
Tembiricha yekamuri yakachena: pasina zvakakosha zvinodiwa, pa18 ~ 26 madhigirii, uye hunyoro hwehukama hunodzorwa pa45% ~ 65%. Kudzora kudzora kwebiopharmaceutical yakachena maworkshops: kusvibisa sosi kutonga, diffusion process control, uye muchinjika-kusvibisa kudzora. Iyo yakakosha tekinoroji yekuchenesa mukamuri mushonga inonyanya kudzora huruva uye tupukanana. Sezvinosvibisa, ma microorganisms ndiwo anonyanya kukosha pakuchenesa nzvimbo yekudzora nharaunda. Izvo zvinosvibisa zvakaunganidzwa mumidziyo uye mapaipi munzvimbo yakachena yemiti yemishonga inogona kusvibisa zvakananga mishonga, asi haikanganisi kuongororwa kwehutsanana. Chiyero chehutsanana hachina kukodzera kuratidzira iyo yemuviri, kemikari, radioactive uye yakakosha zvimiro zvezvimedu zvakamiswa. Kusaziva nzira yekugadzira zvinodhaka, zvikonzero zvekusvibiswa uye nzvimbo dzinoungana zvinosvibisa, uye nzira nekuongorora zviyero zvekubvisa zvinosvibisa.
Aya anotevera mamiriro akajairika muGMP tekinoroji shanduko yezvidyarwa zvemishonga:
Nekuda kwekusanzwisiswa kwekuzvibata kwekuziva, kushandisa tekinoroji yakachena muhurongwa hwekudzora kusvibiswa hakuna kunaka, uye pakupedzisira mimwe miti yemishonga yakaisa mari yakawanda mukushandurwa, asi mhando yemishonga haina kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya.
Dhizaini uye kuvaka kwemishonga yakachena yekugadzira zvidyarwa, kugadzirwa uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo uye zvivakwa muzvirimwa, mhando yezvakasvibirira uye zvekubatsira zvinhu uye zvekurongedza zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira, uye kusaita kusingafadzi kuita kwemaitiro ekudzora vanhu vakachena uye nzvimbo dzakachena. zvichakanganisa chigadzirwa chemhando. Zvikonzero zvinokanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa mukuvaka ndezvekuti kune matambudziko mukuita control link, uye pane zvakavanzika njodzi panguva yekumisikidza nekuvaka maitiro, ayo anotevera:
① Rusvingo rwemukati rwemhepo duct yekucheneswa mhepo yekumisikidza system haina kuchena, kubatana hakuna kusimba, uye mhepo yekubuda kwemhepo yakakura kwazvo;
② Iro ruvara rwesimbi ndiro yakavharirwa chimiro hachina kusimba, zviyero zvekuisa chisimbiso pakati pekamuri yakachena uye tekinoroji mezzanine (ceiling) hazvina kunaka, uye gonhi rakavharwa haripindi mhepo;
③ Maprofile ekushongedza uye mapombi ekugadzira anoumba makona akafa uye kuunganidzwa kweguruva muimba yakachena;
④ Dzimwe nzvimbo hadzina kuvakwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nedhizaini uye haigone kuita zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemitemo;
⑤ Hunhu hwechisimbiso chinoshandiswa hachina kukwira, nyore kudonha, uye kuderera;
⑥ Iyo yekudzoka uye kupera kwemavara simbi simbi mitsara yakabatana, uye guruva rinopinda mukudzoka kwemhepo duct kubva mukupopota;
⑦ Iyo yemukati weld weld haina kuumbwa kana ichishandisa simbi isina tsvina pombi dzehutsanana senge nzira yakanatswa mvura uye jekiseni mvura;
⑧ The air duct check valve inotadza kushanda, uye mhepo inodzokera shure inokonzera kusvibiswa;
⑨ Hunhu hwekuiswa kweiyo drainage system haina kusvika pachiyero, uye pombi rack uye zvishongedzo zviri nyore kuunganidza guruva;
⑩ Iyo yekumanikidza musiyano yekumisikidza yekamuri yakachena haina kukodzera uye inotadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
Indasitiri yekudhinda nekurongedza:
Nekusimukira kwakaita nzanga, zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yekudhinda neindasitiri yekurongedza zvakawedzerawo. Midziyo mikuru yekudhinda yakapinda muimba yakachena, iyo inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvakadhindwa uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya mwero wakakodzera wezvigadzirwa. Uku ndikowo kubatanidzwa kwakanakisa kweindasitiri yekuchenesa uye indasitiri yekudhinda. Kudhinda kunonyanya kuratidza tembiricha uye hunyoro hwechigadzirwa munzvimbo yekuputira nzvimbo, huwandu hweguruva zvimedu, uye zvakananga inoita basa rakakosha mumhando yechigadzirwa uye chiyero chakakodzera. Indasitiri yekurongedza inonyanya kuratidzwa mukupisa uye hunyoro hwenzvimbo yenzvimbo, huwandu hweguruva mumhepo, uye mhando yemvura mukurongedza kwechikafu uye kurongedza kwemishonga. Ehe, maitiro akamisikidzwa ekushanda evashandi vekugadzira akakoshawo zvakanyanya.
Kupfapfaidza isina guruva ishopu yakazvimirira yakavharwa yekugadzira inoumbwa nesimbi masangweji mapaneru, ayo anogona kunyatsosefa kusvibiswa kwemhepo yakaipa nharaunda kune zvigadzirwa uye kuderedza guruva munzvimbo yekupfapfaidza uye chigadzirwa chakaremara mwero. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji isina guruva inovandudza kutaridzika kwezvigadzirwa, seTV/kombuta, nhare mbozha, DVD/VCD, game console, vhidhiyo rekodha, PDA handheld komputa, kamera shell, audio, hair dryer, MD, makeup. , matoyi uye mamwe maworkpieces. Maitiro: nzvimbo yekurodha → kubviswa huruva nemaoko → kubviswa kweguruva nemagetsi → kupfapfaidza nemanyorero/otomatiki → nzvimbo yekuomesera → nzvimbo yekuporesa pendi yeUV → nzvimbo yekutonhorera → nzvimbo yekudhinda sikirini → nzvimbo yekuongorora kunaka → nzvimbo yekugamuchira.
Kuratidza kuti chikafu chekurongedza chikafu-isina guruva workshop inoshanda zvinogutsa, zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvezvinotevera maitiro:
① Huwandu hwekupihwa kwemhepo kwechikafu kurongedza-isina guruva workshop yakakwana kunyungudutsa kana kubvisa kusvibiswa kunogadzirwa mukati.
② Mhepo iri mumusangano wekurongedza chikafu-isina huruva inoyerera ichibva munzvimbo yakachena ichienda kunzvimbo ine hutsanana husina kunaka, kuyerera kwemhepo yakasvibiswa kunoderedzwa, uye mafambiro emhepo pamusuwo uye muchivako chemukati chakarurama.
③ Kupihwa kwemhepo kwechikafu kurongedza-isina guruva musangano hakuzowedzera zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemukati.
④ Mamiriro ekufamba kwemhepo yemukati mumusangano wekurongedza chikafu-isina huruva inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapana nzvimbo yekusangana yakakwira mukamuri yakavharwa. Kana kamuri rakachena richisangana nezvinodiwa nemaitiro ari pamusoro, iyo particle concentration kana microbial concentration (kana zvichidikanwa) inogona kuyerwa kuona kuti inosangana neyakatsanangurwa yakachena kamuri zviyero.
Indasitiri yekurongedza chikafu:
1. Mhepo uye vhoriyamu yekubuditsa: Kana iri kamuri ine mhirizhonga yakachena, ipapo mhepo yaro uye vhoriyamu yekuburitsa zvinofanira kuyerwa. Kana iri unidirectional yakachena kamuri, kumhanya kwayo kwemhepo kunofanirwa kuyerwa.
2. Kudzora kuyerera kwemhepo pakati penzvimbo: Kuratidza kuti mafambiro emhepo pakati penzvimbo dzakarurama, kureva kuti, inoyerera ichibva munzvimbo yakachena ichienda kunzvimbo ine hutsanana husina kunaka, zvinodikanwa kuti uedze:
① Musiyano wekumanikidza pakati penzvimbo imwe neimwe wakarurama;
② Nhungamiro yekufambisa kwemhepo pamusuwo kana kuzarura pamadziro, pasi, nezvimwewo yakarurama, ndiko kuti, inoyerera ichibva panzvimbo yakachena ichienda kunzvimbo ine utsanana husina kunaka.
3. Sefa yekuona kuvuza: Iyo sefa yepamusoro-soro uye furemu yayo yekunze inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinosvibisa zvakamiswa hazvipfuuri:
① Sefa yakakuvadzwa;
② Mukaha uripo pakati pesefa nefuremu yayo yekunze;
③ Zvimwe zvikamu zvesefa mudziyo uye zvinopinda mukamuri.
4. Kuonekwa kunobvinza kwega: Muedzo uyu ndewekuratidza kuti zvinosvibisa zvakamiswa hazvipindi mumidziyo yekuvakisa uye kupinda mukamuri yakachena.
5. Indoor airflow control: Mhando yekuongorora kuyerera kwemhepo kunoenderana nemhepo yekuyerera kwekamuri yakachena - ingave ine mhirizhonga kana unidirectional. Kana mhepo yakachena yekamuri inoyerera iine mhirizhonga, inofanira kusimbiswa kuti hapana nzvimbo muimba umo mhepo isina kukwana. Kana iri unidirectional yakachena kamuri, inofanirwa kuve yakasimbiswa kuti mhepo yekumhanya uye mhepo inotungamira yekamuri yese inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
6. Yakamiswa particle concentration uye microbial concentration: Kana bvunzo dziri pamusoro dzichisangana nezvinodiwa, iyo particle concentration uye microbial concentration (kana zvichidiwa) inozoyerwa kuti ione kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzira imba yakachena.
7. Mimwe bvunzo: Pamusoro peiyo iri pamusoro bvunzo yekudzora kusvibiswa, imwe kana yakawanda yeinotevera bvunzo dzinofanirwa kuitwa dzimwe nguva: tembiricha; hunyoro hunoenderana; kupisa kwemukati uye kukwanisa kutonhora; ruzha kukosha; illuminance; vibration value.
Indasitiri yekurongedza yemishonga:
1. Kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa:
① Ipa mwero wekuchenesa mweya unodiwa pakugadzira. Huwandu hweguruva remhepo zvimedu uye tupukanana mhenyu mune yekurongedza workshop yekuchenesa purojekiti inofanirwa kugara ichiyedzwa nekurekodhwa. Iyo static pressure musiyano pakati pekurongedza maworkshops emazinga akasiyana inofanira kuchengetwa mukati meiyo kukosha kwakatarwa.
② Tembiricha uye hunyoro hunyoro hweiyo yekurongedza workshop yekuchenesa purojekiti inofanirwa kuenderana neyayo yekugadzira maitiro.
③ Nzvimbo yekugadzira yepenicillins, yakanyanya allergenic uye anti-bundu mishonga inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa yakazvimirira air-conditioning system, uye gasi rekubuda rinofanira kucheneswa.
④ Kune makamuri anogadzira huruva, midziyo yekuunganidza guruva inofanirwa kuiswa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kweguruva.
⑤ Kune makamuri ekuwedzera ekugadzira akadai sekuchengetedza, nzvimbo dzekufemesa uye tembiricha uye hunyoro hunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwemishonga uye kurongedza.
2. Hutsanana zoning uye ventilation frequency: Imba yakachena inofanira kunyatso kudzora kuchena kwemhepo, pamwe chete nematanho akadai sekushisa kwezvakatipoteredza, humidity, mhepo yakachena vhoriyamu uye kudzvanywa musiyano.
① Chiyero chekucheneswa uye kufefetedza frequency yekugadzirwa kwemishonga uye yekurongedza musangano Hutsanana hwemhepo yepurojekiti yekuchenesa yekugadzirwa kwemishonga uye yekurongedza musangano yakakamurwa kuita nhanho ina: kirasi 100, kirasi 10,000, kirasi 100,000 uye kirasi 300,000. Kuti uone kuwanda kwemhepo yekamuri yakachena, zvinodikanwa kuenzanisa huwandu hwemhepo hwechinhu chimwe nechimwe uye kutora kukosha kwakanyanya. Mukuita, iyo yeventilation frequency yekirasi 100 ndeye 300-400 nguva / h, kirasi 10,000 ndeye 25-35 nguva / h, uye kirasi 100,000 ndeye 15-20 nguva / h.
② Hutsanana nzvimbo yeprojekti yekuchenesa imba yemusangano wepakiti yekurongedza. Iyo chaiyo zoning yehutsanana hwekugadzirwa kwemishonga uye yekurongedza nharaunda yakavakirwa pachiyero chenyika chekuchenesa.
③ Kutsunga kwemamwe maparamendi ezvakatipoteredza epurojekiti yeimba yekuchenesa yemusangano wekurongedza.
④ Tembiricha uye hunyoro hwepurojekiti yekamuri yekuchenesa yemusangano wekurongedza. Tembiricha uye hunyoro hwemukamuri yakachena hunofanirwa kuenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira mishonga. Tembiricha: 20 ~ 23 ℃ (zhizha) yekirasi 100 uye kirasi 10,000 utsanana, 24 ~ 26 ℃ yekirasi 100,000 uye kirasi 300,000 utsanana, 26 ~ 27 ℃ yenzvimbo dzakawanda. Kirasi 100 uye 10,000 hutsanana makamuri asina utachiona. Hunyoro hunyoro: 45-50% (zhizha) yemishonga yehygroscopic, 50% ~ 55% yekugadzirira kwakasimba semapiritsi, 55% ~ 65% yejekiseni remvura uye zvinwiwa zvemukanwa.
⑤ Yakachena kamuri yekumanikidza kuchengetedza kuchena kwemukati, kudzvanywa kwakanaka kunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa mukati. Kune makamuri akachena anogadzira guruva, zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye anogadzira penicillin-mhando yakanyanya allergenic zvinodhaka, kusvibiswa kwekunze kunofanira kudzivirirwa kana kumanikidzwa kwakashata kunofanira kuchengetedzwa pakati penzvimbo. Static pressure yemakamuri ane mazinga akasiyana ehutsanana. Kudzvanywa kwemukati kunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka, nemusiyano weinopfuura 5Pa kubva mukamuri iri padyo, uye iyo static pressure musiyano pakati pekamuri yakachena nekunze kwekunze kunofanirwa kunge kwakakura kupfuura 10Pa.
Indasitiri yechikafu:
Chikafu ndicho chinhu chekutanga chinodiwa nevanhu, uye zvirwere zvinobva mumuromo, saka kuchengetedzwa uye kucheneswa kweindasitiri yezvekudya kunoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Kuchengeteka uye kucheneswa kwechikafu kunonyanya kuda kudzorwa mumativi matatu: chekutanga, kushanda kwakamisikidzwa kwevashandi vanogadzira; chechipiri, kudzorwa kwekunze kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza (nzvimbo yekushanda yakachena inofanira kusimbiswa. Chechitatu, tsime rekutenga rinofanira kunge risina dambudziko rezvigadzirwa zvemiti.
Iyo nharaunda yemusangano wekugadzira chikafu inochinjirwa kune kugadzirwa, ine inonzwisisika marongerwo uye yakatsetseka yemvura; uriri hwewekishopu hwakavakwa nezvinhu zvisingatsvedzeki, zvakasimba, zvisingapindiki uye zvisingaite ngura, uye yakati sandara, haina kuunganidzwa kwemvura, uye inochengetwa yakachena; iyo workshop yekubuda uye nzvimbo dzekugezera uye kufefetera dzakabatana nenyika yekunze dzakashongedzerwa anti-rat, anti-fly uye anti-zvipembenene. Madziro, sirin’i, magonhi nemahwindo ari muwekishopu anofanira kuvakwa nezvinhu zvisina chepfu, zvitsvuku, zvisingapindi mvura, zvisingapindirwe nekuvhuvha, zvisingadonhe uye zviri nyore kuchenesa. Makona emadziro, makona epasi uye makona epamusoro anofanira kunge ane arc (radius ye curvature haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe3cm). Matafura anoshanda, mabhandi ekutakurisa, mota dzekutakura uye zvishandiso muwekishopu zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina muchetura, zvisingaite ngura, zvisina ngura, zviri nyore kuchenesa uye kuuraya utachiona, uye zvinhu zvakasimba. Nhamba yakakwana yekugeza maoko, disinfection uye kuomeswa kwemaoko kana zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo dzakakodzera, uye mapombi anofanirwa kunge asiri emaoko switch. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, panofanirwa kunge paine zvivakwa zvekuuraya hutachiona zveshangu, bhutsu uye mavhiri pamusuwo wemusangano. Panofanira kunge paine imba yekupfeka yakabatana neworkshop. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadziriswa kwechigadzirwa, zvimbuzi uye dzimba dzekugezera dzakabatana neworkshop dzinofanirawo kugadzikwa.
Optoelectronics:
Imba yekuchenesa yezvigadzirwa zveoptoelectronic inowanzoenderana nezviridzwa zvemagetsi, makomputa, semiconductor mafekitori, indasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yeaerospace, photolithography, microcomputer kugadzira uye mamwe maindasitiri. Pamusoro pehutsanana hwemhepo, zvinodikanwa zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinodikanwa zvekubvisa magetsi static zvinosangana. Izvi zvinotevera sumo yemusangano wekuchenesa guruva muindasitiri yeoptoelectronics, kutora indasitiri yemazuva ano yeLED semuenzaniso.
LED yekuchenesa imba yemusangano purojekiti yekumisikidza uye yekuvaka kesi yekuongorora: Mukugadzira uku, inoreva kuisirwa kumwe kucheneswa-isina guruva maworkshops ekupedzisira maitiro, uye kucheneswa kwayo kunowanzo kirasi 1,000, kirasi 10,000 kana kirasi 100,000 yekuchenesa maworkshops. Kuiswa kwebacklight screen yekuchenesa maworkshops ndeyekutsikisa maworkshops, gungano uye mamwe maworkshops ekuchenesa ezvigadzirwa zvakadaro, uye kuchena kwacho kunowanzo kirasi gumi kana kirasi zviuru zana maworkshops akachena. Indoor mhepo paramende zvinodiwa kune LED yekuchenesa imba yemusangano kuisirwa:
1. Tembiricha uye mwando zvinodiwa: Tembiricha inowanzoita 24±2℃, uye hunyoro hwehukama i55±5%.
2. Mhepo yakachena vhoriyamu: Sezvo kune vanhu vazhinji vari mumhando iyi yeworkshop yakachena isina guruva, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha zvinofanirwa kutorwa zvinoenderana neanotevera maitiro: 10-30% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekupa mweya weiyo isina-unidirectional cleanroom. workshop; huwandu hwemhepo yakachena inodiwa kubhadhara kupera kwemukati uye kuchengetedza indoor positive pressure value; chengetedza kuti mukati memhepo yakachena vhoriyamu pamunhu paawa iri ≥40m3/h.
3. Mhepo huru yekugovera vhoriyamu. Kuti usangane nehutsanana uye kupisa uye humidity chiyero mumusangano wekuchenesa, hombe yemhepo inodiwa inodiwa. Kune workshop ye300 square metres ine sirin'i kureba kwemamita 2.5, kana iri kirasi 10,000 cleanroom workshop, vhoriyamu yemhepo inofanirwa kuve 300 * 2.5 * 30 = 22500m3 / h (kuchinja kwemhepo kuri ≥25 times/h ); kana iri kirasi 100,000 cleanroom workshop, mhepo yekufambisa mhepo inoda kuva 300 * 2.5 * 20 = 15000m3 / h (kuchinja kwemhepo ≥15 nguva / h).
Kurapa uye hutano:
Tekinoroji yakachena inonziwo tekinoroji yekamuri yakachena. Pamusoro pekusangana nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ese tembiricha uye hunyoro mumakamuri ane air-conditioned, akasiyana mainjiniya uye tekinoroji zvivakwa uye manejimendi akasimba anoshandiswa kudzora mukati memukati particle content, airflow, pressure, etc. mukati meimwe siyana. Imba yerudzi urwu inonzi imba yakachena. Imba yakachena inovakwa uye inoshandiswa muchipatara. Nekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwehutano uye tekinoroji yepamusoro, tekinoroji yakachena inonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekurapa, uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi pachezvayo zvakakwirirawo. Makamuri akachena anoshandiswa mukurapa anonyanya kukamurwa kuva mapoka matatu: makamuri okuvhiyira akachena, mawadhi evakoti akachena uye marabhoritari akachena.
Modular operation room:
Modular operation room inotora indoor microorganisms sechinangwa chekutonga, maparamita anoshanda uye zviratidziro zvemhando, uye kuchena kwemhepo chinhu chinodiwa chekuvimbisa. Modular kamuri yekuvhiya inogona kukamurwa kuita anotevera mazinga zvichienderana nechiyero chehutsanana:
1. Special modular operation room: Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekushanda ikirasi 100, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza ikirasi 1,000. Yakakodzera kuvhiyiwa kweaseptic sekutsva, kushandura majoini, kuisirwa nhengo, kuvhiyiwa kwehuropi, ophthalmology, kuvhiyiwa kwepurasitiki uye kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo.
2. Modular operation room: Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekushanda ikirasi 1000, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza ikirasi 10,000. Inokodzera kuvhiyiwa kweaseptic senge thoracic kuvhiyiwa, kuvhiyiwa kwepurasitiki, urology, hepatobiliary uye pancreatic kuvhiyiwa, kuvhiyiwa kwemapfupa uye kudzosa zai.
3. General modular operation room: Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekushanda ikirasi 10,000, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza ikirasi 100,000. Inokodzera kuvhiyiwa kwese, dermatology uye kuvhiyiwa kwedumbu.
4. Quasi-clean modular operation room: Kuchena kwemhepo ikirasi 100,000, inokodzera obstetrics, anorectal operation uye mamwe maitiro. Pamusoro pehupamhi hwehutsanana uye huwandu hwehutachiona hwekamuri yekushanda yakachena, iyo yakakodzera tekinoroji paramita inofanirawo kuenderana nemirairo yakakodzera. Ona iyo huru tekinoroji paramita tafura yemakamuri pamatanho ese mudhipatimendi rekushanda rakachena. Kurongeka kwendege kwekamuri yekuvhiya modular kunofanirwa kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: nzvimbo yakachena uye nzvimbo isina kuchena zvinoenderana nezvakawanda zvinodiwa. Imba yekuvhiya uye makamuri anoshanda anoshandira zvakananga imba yekuvhiya anofanirwa kunge ari munzvimbo yakachena. Kana vanhu nezvinhu zvikapfuura nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehutsanana mukamuri yekuvhiya modular, airlocks, buffer rooms kana pass box inofanira kuiswa. Imba yekuvhiya inowanzowanikwa mukati mepakati chikamu. Iyo yemukati ndege uye chiteshi fomu inofanirwa kuenderana nemisimboti yekushanda kuyerera uye kuparadzaniswa kwakajeka kweakachena uye tsvina.
Mhando dzinoverengeka dzewadhi dzevakoti dzakachena muchipatara:
Wadhi dzevakoti dzakachena dzakakamurwa kuita wadhi yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye nzvimbo dzekuchengeta varwere zvakanyanya. Wadhi yekuzviparadzanisa yakakamurwa kuita nhanho ina zvichienderana nenjodzi yehupenyu: P1, P2, P3, uye P4. P1 wadhi dzakangofanana nemawadhi akajairwa, uye hapana kurambidzwa kwakakosha kune vekunze kupinda nekubuda; P2 wadhi dzakaomarara kupfuura P1 wadhi, uye vekunze kazhinji vanorambidzwa kupinda nekubuda; P3 mawadhi akaparadzaniswa kubva kunze nemagonhi anorema kana makamuri e-buffer, uye kumanikidzwa kwemukati kwekamuri kwakashata; P4 mawadhi akapatsanurwa kubva kunze nenzvimbo dzekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye indoor yakaipa kudzvanywa kunogara ku30Pa. Vashandi vezvokurapa vanopfeka zvipfeko zvinodzivirira kudzivirira kutapukirwa. Zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira ICU (intensive care unit), CCU (cardiovascular patient care unit), NICU (premature infant care unit), leukemia room, etc. Kupisa kwekamuri yekamuri ye leukemia ndeye 242, mhepo inomhanya ndeye 0.15-0.3 / m / s, hunyoro huri pasi pe60%, uye utsanana huri kirasi 100. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhepo yakachena inotumirwa inofanira kusvika kumusoro wemurwere. kutanga, kuitira kuti muromo nemhino yekufema nzvimbo iri padivi rekupa mhepo, uye kuyerera kwakatwasuka kuri nani. Kuyera kwehutachiona hwehutachiona muwadhi yekutsva kunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwe vertical laminar kuyerera kune zvakanakira zviri pachena pamusoro pekurapa kwakavhurika, neaminar jekiseni kumhanya 0.2m / s, tembiricha ye28-34, uye hutsanana hwekirasi 1000. Kufema. Organ wadhi haawanzo kuChina. Rudzi urwu rwewadhi rune zvinodiwa zvakasimba pane tembiricha yemukati uye humidity. Tembiricha inodzorwa pa23-30 ℃, hunyoro hwehukama huri 40-60%, uye wadhi yega yega inogona kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemurwere. Chiyero chehutsanana chinodzorwa pakati pekirasi 10 uye kirasi 10000, uye ruzha rwuri pasi pe45dB (A). Vashandi vari kupinda muwadhi vanofanira kuzvinatsa sekuchinja hembe nekugezeswa, uye wadhi yacho inofanira kuramba ichimanikidza.
Murabhoritari:
Marabhoritari akakamurwa kuva akajairwa marabhoritari uye biosafety marabhoritari. Kuedza kunoitwa mumarabhoritari akachena haatapurirane, asi nharaunda inodiwa kuti isave nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakuyedza pachayo. Naizvozvo, hapana zvidziviriro murabhoritari, uye hutsanana hunofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuedza.
Iyo biosafety rabhoritari ndeye biological kuyedza ine yekutanga dziviriro nzvimbo dzinogona kuwana kuchengetedzwa kwechipiri. Zvese zviedzo zvesainzi muminda yemicrobiology, biomedicine, bvunzo dzinoshanda, uye kubatanidzazve majini kunoda biosafety marabhoritari. Mwongo wemarabhoritari ekuchengetedza njodzi ndeyekuchengetedza, ayo akakamurwa kuita nhanho ina: P1, P2, P3, uye P4 zvichienderana nehuwandu hwenjodzi yebhayoloji.
P1 marabhoritari akakodzera hutachiona hunozivikanwa kwazvo, husingawanzokonzeresa zvirwere muvakuru vane hutano uye hunounza njodzi shoma kune vashandi vekuyedza uye nharaunda. Musuwo unofanirwa kuvharwa panguva yekuyedza uye kuvhiya kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana neyakajairwa microbiological kuyedza; P2 marabhoritari akakodzera utachiona hune mwero ungangove nengozi kuvanhu nenharaunda. Kusvika kunzvimbo yekuedza kunorambidzwa. Kuedza kunogona kukonzera aerosols kunofanirwa kuitwa muKirasi II biosafety makabati, uye autoclaves inofanira kuwanikwa; P3 marabhoritari anoshandiswa mumakiriniki, kuongororwa, kudzidzisa, kana kugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Basa rine hukama kune endogenous uye exogenous pathogens rinoitwa padanho iri. Kuratidzwa uye kufemerwa kwehutachiona hunokonzera zvirwere zvakakomba uye zvinogona kuuraya. Iyo rabhoritari ine magonhi maviri kana airlocks uye yekunze yakasarudzika nzvimbo yekuyedza. Vasiri vashandi vanorambidzwa kupinda. Murabhoritari inomanikidzwa zvisina kunaka zvakakwana. Kirasi II biosafety makabati anoshandiswa pakuedza. Mafirita eHepa anoshandiswa kusefa mweya wemukati uye kuupedza kunze. Marabhoritari eP4 ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kupfuura marabhoritari eP3. Mamwe utachiona ane ngozi exogenous ane njodzi yakakwira yemunhu yekutapukirwa nehutachiona hwemurabhoritari uye zvirwere zvinouraya zvinokonzerwa nekutapurirana kweaerosol. Basa rakakodzera rinofanira kuitwa muP4 marabhoritari. Chimiro chenzvimbo yakazvimiririra yekuzvimiririra muchivako uye chikamu chekunze chinogamuchirwa. Negative pressure inochengetwa mumba. Kirasi III biosafety makabati anoshandiswa pakuedza. Midziyo yekuparadzanisa mweya uye dzimba dzekugezera dzakamiswa. Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka zvipfeko zvinodzivirira. Vasiri vashandi vanorambidzwa kupinda. Iyo yakakosha yedhizaini yebiosafety marabhoritari isimba rekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye nhanho dzekupedza ndidzo dzinotariswa. Pa-saiti disinfection inosimbiswa, uye kutariswa kunobhadharwa pakuparadzaniswa kwemvura yakachena uye yakasviba kudzivirira kupararira kwetsaona. Utsanana huri pakati nepakati hunodiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-26-2024