Imba yakachena imhando yakakosha yekudzora kwezvakatipoteredza iyo inogona kudzora zvinhu zvakaita sehuwandu hwezvimedu, humidity, tembiricha uye static magetsi mumhepo kuti uwane chaiwo hutsanana mwero. Imba yakachena inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri epamusoro-tekinoroji akadai semiconductors, zvemagetsi, zvemishonga, zvendege, aerospace, uye biomedicine.
1. Kuumbwa kwekamuri yakachena
Makamuri akachena anosanganisira makamuri akachena emuindasitiri nemakamuri akachena. Makamuri akachena anoumbwa neakachena makamuri masisitimu, yakachena kamuri process masisitimu, uye yechipiri masisitimu ekugovera.
Kuchena kwemhepo
Chiyero chechiyero chekupatsanura huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusungwa hwezvimedu zvakakura kupfuura kana kuenzana nehukuru hwechikamu chinotariswa pachiyero cheyuniti yemhepo munzvimbo yakachena. Mumba, makamuri akachena anoyedzwa uye anogamuchirwa munzvimbo isina chinhu, static, uye ine simba, zvinoenderana ne "Clean Kamuri Dhizaini Madhizaini" uye "Yakachena Kamuri Kuvaka uye Kugamuchirwa Zvinotsanangurwa".
Hutsanana musimboti mipimo
Iko kuenderera kugadzikana kwehutsanana uye kudzora kusvibiswa ndiyo musimboti chiyero chekuyedza kunaka kwekamuri yakachena. Chiyero chakakamurwa kuita akati wandei zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo yedunhu uye kuchena. Inowanzo shandiswa zviyero zvepasi rose uye zvemukati zvedunhu indasitiri zviyero. Iwo mazinga ezvakatipoteredza emakamuri akachena (nzvimbo) akakamurwa kuita kirasi zana, 1,000, 10,000, uye 100,000.
2. Kuchena kwekamuri level
Kirasi 100 imba yakachena
Nzvimbo inenge isina huruva inongova nezvikamu zviduku zvishoma mumhepo. Midziyo yemukati yakaomesesa uye vashandi vanopfeka zvipfeko zvehunyanzvi zvakachena zvekushanda.
Muyero wehutsanana: Huwandu hwehuruva hune dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 0.5µm pa cubic tsoka yemhepo haifaniri kudarika zana, uye nhamba yeguruva ine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 0.1µm haifaniri kudarika 1000. Zvinonzi zvakare huwandu hwehupfu hwehupfu hunobvumirwa pa cubic mita (≥0.50μsμs ≥0.50μsμs ≥0.50μs μ50μs μ50m) dzinofanirwa kuve 0.
Chiyero chekushandisa: Inonyanya kushandiswa mumagadzirirwo ekugadzira ane yakanyanya kushambidzika zvinodiwa, senge hombe-akasanganiswa maseketi, yakakwirira-chaiyo optical zvishandiso uye mamwe maitiro ekugadzira. Iyi minda inofanirwa kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa munzvimbo isina guruva kudzivirira kukanganisa kwezvimedu pamhando yechigadzirwa.
Kirasi 1,000 imba yakachena
Kuenzaniswa nekirasi 100 kamuri yakachena, nhamba yezvimedu mumhepo yakawedzera, asi inoramba iri padanho rakaderera. Kurongeka kwemukati kunonzwisisika uye midziyo inoiswa nenzira yakarongeka.
Hutsanana mwero: Huwandu hweguruva zvidimbu zvine dhayamita rakakura kupfuura 0.5µm mune yega cubic tsoka yemhepo mukirasi 1000 kamuri yakachena haifanire kudarika 1000, uye huwandu hweguruva zvidimbu zvine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 0.1µm haifanire kudarika gumi. Chiyero cheKirasi 10,000 chekamuri yakachena ndechekuti huwandu hwehupfu hwehupfu hunobvumirwa pa cubic mita (≥0.5μm) i350,000, uye huwandu hwehupfu hwehupfu ≥5μm i2,000.
Chiyero chekushandisa: Inoshanda kune mamwe maitiro ane yakanyanya kucheneswa kwemhepo zvinodiwa, senge nzira yekugadzira yemalenzi emaziso uye zvidiki zvemagetsi zvikamu. Kunyangwe izvo zvinodikanwa zvehutsanana muminda iyi zvisina kukwira seizvo zviri mukirasi 100 makamuri akachena, kumwe kuchena kwemhepo kuchiri kufanira kuchengetedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa.
Kirasi 10,000 dzimba dzakachena
Huwandu hwezvimedu mumhepo hunowedzera zvakanyanya, asi hunogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemamwe maitiro ane hutsanana hwepakati zvinodiwa. Nzvimbo yemukati yakachena uye yakatsvinda, ine chiedza chakakodzera uye zvivakwa zvekupinza mhepo.
Hutsanana mwero: Huwandu hweguruva zvidimbu zvine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 0.5µm mune yega cubic tsoka yemhepo haifanire kudarika zviuru gumi, uye nhamba yeguruva ine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 0.1µm haifanire kudarika 100,000 zvimedu. Zvinonzi zvakare huwandu hwehupfu hwehupfu hunobvumirwa pa cubic mita (≥0.5μm) ndeye 3,500,000, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hweguruva ≥5μm i60,000.
Chiyero chekushandisa: Inoshanda kune mamwe maitiro ane epakati pehutsanana hwemhepo zvinodiwa, semishonga uye kugadzira chikafu. Iyi minda inoda kuchengetedza yakaderera microbial yemukati uye kumwe kuchena kwemhepo kuve nechokwadi chehutsanana, kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa.
Kirasi 100,000 imba yakachena
Nhamba yezvikamu mumhepo yakakura, asi inogona kudzorwa mukati mehutano hunogamuchirwa. Panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvekushandisa mukamuri kuchengetedza hutsanana hwemhepo, senge zvinonatsa mweya, vaunganidzi veguruva, nezvimwe.
Hutsanana mwero: Huwandu hweguruva zvidimbu zvine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 0.5µm mune yega cubic tsoka yemhepo haifanire kudarika 100,000 zvimedu, uye nhamba yeguruva ine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 0.1µm haifanire kudarika 1,000,000 zvimedu. Zvinonzi zvakare huwandu hwehupfu hwehupfu hunobvumirwa pa cubic mita (≥0.5μm) ndeye 10,500,000, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hweguruva ≥5μm i60,000.
Kuwanda kwekushandisa: Kunoshanda kune mamwe maitiro ane hutsanana hwemhepo hushoma, sezvizoro, mamwe maitiro ekugadzira chikafu, nezvimwewo. Iyi minda ine zvishoma zvinodiwa pakushambidzika kwemhepo, asi ichiri kufanira kuchengetedza imwe mwero yehutsanana kudzivirira kukanganisa kwezvidimbu pane zvigadzirwa.
3. Saizi yemusika yekuchenesa imba engineering muChina
Parizvino, kune makambani mashoma muChina indasitiri yemakamuri akachena ayo ari mberi kwetekinoroji uye ane simba neruzivo rwekuita mapurojekiti makuru, uye kune makambani madiki mazhinji. Makambani madiki haakwanise kuitisa bhizinesi repasi rose uye mapurojekiti makuru-akakwirira-akachena emakamuri. Indasitiri parizvino inopa nzvimbo inokwikwidza ine yakanyanya dhigirii mumusika wakachena wekamuri yeinjiniya yemusika uye yakapararira yakaderera-yakachena kamuri musika weinjiniya.
Makamuri akachena anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye maindasitiri akasiyana ane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemagiredhi emakamuri akachena. Kuvakwa kwemakamuri akachena kunoda kusanganiswa neindasitiri uye maitiro ekugadzira chaiwo emuridzi. Naizvozvo, mumakamuri akachena einjiniya mapurojekiti, makambani chete ane tekinoroji inotungamira, simba rakasimba, kunoshamisa kwekuita kwenhoroondo uye mufananidzo wakanaka anokwanisa kuita mapurojekiti makuru mumaindasitiri akasiyana.
Kubva kuma1990, nekuenderera mberi kwemusika, iyo yese yakachena indasitiri indasitiri yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, tekinoroji yenzvimbo yakachena yeinjiniya indasitiri yakagadzikana, uye musika wakapinda munguva yakakura. Kuvandudzwa kweiyo yakachena kamuri engineering indasitiri kunoenderana nekusimudzira kweindasitiri yemagetsi, kugadzira mishonga uye mamwe maindasitiri. Nekufambiswa kwemaindasitiri kweindasitiri yeruzivo rwemagetsi, kudiwa kwemakamuri akachena munyika dzakasimukira muEurope neUnited States kuchadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye misika yavo yeindasitiri yeinjiniya yakachena ichabva pakukura ichidzika.
Nekudzika kwekufambiswa kwemaindasitiri, kusimukira kweindasitiri yemagetsi kwakawedzera kubva kunyika dzakabudirira muEurope neUnited States kuenda kuAsia nenyika dzichiri kusimukira; panguva imwecheteyo, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika dziri kusimukira, zvinodiwa zvehutano hwekurapa nekuchengetedza chikafu zvawedzera, uye musika wepasi rose weimba yeinjiniya wakaramba uchienda kuAsia. Mumakore achangopfuura, iyo IC semiconductor, optoelectronics, uye photovoltaic maindasitiri muindasitiri yemagetsi yakagadzira yakakura maindasitiri cluster muAsia, kunyanya muChina.
Inotungamirirwa nemagetsi ekudzika, mishonga yemishonga, kurapwa, zvokudya uye mamwe maindasitiri, China yakachena kamuri engineering musika musika wakawedzera kubva 19.2% muna 2010 kusvika 29.3% muna 2018. Parizvino, China yakachena kamuri engineering musika ari kukura nokukurumidza. Muna 2017, chiyero chemusika weChina wakachena kamuri yakapfuura 100 bhiriyoni yuan kekutanga; muna 2019, chiyero chemusika weChina chemakamuri akachena chakasvika 165.51 bhiriyoni yuan. Huyero hwemusika wepasirese wekamuri yeinjiniya yemusika wakaratidza kuwedzera kwemutsara gore negore, izvo zvinonyatsoenderana nenyika, uye chikamu chemusika wepasi rose chakaratidza kuwedzera kwegore negore, izvo zvakare zvine chekuita nekuvandudzwa kwakakosha kwesimba renyika reChina gore negore.
Iyo "Outline yegumi nemana yeChirongwa cheMakore mashanu yeNyika Economic neSocial Development yePeople's Republic of China uye Zvinangwa Zvenguva refu zve2035" inotarisa zvakajeka kumaindasitiri ari kusimukira akadai sehunyanzvi hweruzivo rwechizvarwa chitsva, biotechnology, simba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva, midziyo yepamusoro, mota nyowani, girinhi kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo, aerospace, midziyo yemhepo nezvimwe. core tekinoroji, uye inomhanyisa kusimudzira maindasitiri akadai sebiomedicine, biological kubereka, biomaterials, uye bioenergy. Mune ramangwana, kukurumidza kusimudzira kwemaindasitiri epamusoro-tekinoroji kuchawedzera kukurumidza kukura kwemusika wekamuri yakachena. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chiyero chemusika weChina wakachena kamuri inotarisirwa kusvika 358.65 bhiriyoni yuan panosvika 2026, uye ichawana yakakura kukura kwe15.01% paavhareji yegore rekukura kwekukura kubva 2016 kusvika 2026.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-24-2025