Chikamu chevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya (ICU) inzvimbo yakakosha yekupa rubatsiro rwehutano kune varwere vanorwara zvakanyanya. Vazhinji vevarwere vanobvumirwa muchipatara vanhu vane dziviriro shoma uye vanogona kubatwa nehutachiona, uye vanogona kutotakura mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi ane njodzi. Kana paine mhando dzakawanda dzehutachiona dziri kuyerera mumhepo uye huwandu hwadzo hwakakwira, njodzi yehutachiona hwemukati memuviri inenge yakakura. Saka, dhizaini yeICU inofanira kukoshesa zvikuru hunhu hwemhepo iri mumba.
1. Zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yemhepo muICU
(1). Zvinodiwa zvemhando yemhepo
Mhepo iri muICU inofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuchena kwakanyanya. Kazhinji zvinodiwa kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoyangarara (zvakaita seguruva, tupukanana, nezvimwewo) mumhepo hudzorwe mukati mechikamu chakati kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti varwere vakachengeteka uye vane hutano. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwezvinhu, zvakaita sekuti zvinoenderana neISO14644 standard, ISO 5 level (0.5μm particles haipfuure 35/m³) kana mazinga akakwira anogona kudiwa muICU.
(2). Nzira yekuyerera kwemhepo
Sisitimu yekufema muICU inofanira kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekuyerera kwemhepo, dzakadai sekuyerera kwelaminar, kuyerera kwemvura pasi, kumanikidzwa kwakanaka, nezvimwewo, kudzora nekubvisa zvinosvibisa.
(3). Kudzora kupinzwa nekutengeswa kwenyika
ICU inofanira kunge iine nzira dzakakodzera dzekupinza nekuburitsa zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye ine magonhi asingapindi mhepo kana masisitimu ekudzora kupinda kwezvinhu kudzivirira tsvina kuti isapinde kana kubuda.
(4). Matanho ekuuraya utachiona
Pamidziyo yekurapa, mibhedha, pasi nedzimwe nzvimbo, panofanira kunge paine matanho akakodzera ekuuraya utachiona uye zvirongwa zvekuuraya utachiona nguva nenguva kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yeICU yakachena.
(5). Kudzora tembiricha uye hunyoro
ICU inofanira kunge iine tembiricha yakakodzera uye hunyoro, kazhinji inoda tembiricha iri pakati pe20 ne25 degrees Celsius uye hunyoro huri pakati pe30% ne60%.
(6). Kudzora ruzha
Matanho ekudzora ruzha anofanira kutorwa muICU kuderedza kupindira uye kukanganisa ruzha pavarwere.
2. Pfungwa huru dzekugadzira imba yakachena yeICU
(1). Kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo
ICU inofanira kukamurwa kuita nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushanda, dzakadai senzvimbo yekutarisirwa kwevarwere, nzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa, chimbuzi, nezvimwewo, kuti itarisirwe zvakanaka uye ishande zvakanaka.
(2). Kurongeka kwenzvimbo
Rongai zvakanaka marongerwo enzvimbo yacho kuti muve nenzvimbo yakakwana yekushandira uye nzvimbo yekubatsira vashandi vezvehutano kuti vaite mabasa ekurapa, ekutarisa uye ekununura vanhu panguva yenjodzi.
(3). Sisitimu yekufema inomanikidzwa
Sisitimu yekufema inomanikidzwa inofanira kugadzirwa kuti ipe mweya mutsva wakakwana uye kudzivirira kuungana kwezvinosvibisa.
(4). Kugadziriswa kwemidziyo yekurapa
Midziyo yekurapa inodiwa, yakaita semamonitor, maventilator, mapombi einfusion, nezvimwewo, inofanira kugadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, uye marongerwo emidziyo anofanira kunge akakodzera, ari nyore kushandisa uye kuchengetedza.
(5). Mwenje nekuchengetedzeka
Ipai mwenje wakakwana, kusanganisira chiedza chechisikigo uye mwenje wekugadzira, kuti vashandi vezvehutano vagone kuongorora nekurapa nemazvo, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti matanho ekuchengetedza, akadai senzvimbo dzekudzivirira moto uye masisitimu ealarm ekukurumidzira.
(6). Kudzora hutachiona
Gadzirai nzvimbo dzakadai sezvimbuzi nemakamuri ekuuraya utachiona, uye taurai nzira dzakakodzera dzekushandisa kuti mudzore njodzi yekutapurirana kwehutachiona.
3. Nzvimbo yekushanda yakachena yeICU
(1). Nzvimbo yekushanda yakachena
Vashandi vezvekurapa nevakoti vanochenesa nzvimbo yehofisi yekubatsira, nzvimbo yekuchinjira vashandi vezvekurapa nevakoti, nzvimbo inogona kusvibiswa, imba yekuvhiyira ine pressure yakanaka, imba yekuvhiyira ine pressure yakaipa, imba yekuvhiyira ine pressure shoma, nezvimwewo.
(2). Marongerwo ekamuri rekuvhiyira akachena
Kazhinji, nzira yekudzoreredza nzvimbo yekusvibiswa ine migero yakawanda inotorwa neminwe. Nzvimbo dzakachena nedzakasviba dzemukamuri yekuvhiyira dzakakamurwa zvakajeka, uye vanhu nezvinhu zvinopinda munzvimbo yekamuri yekuvhiyira kuburikidza nemitsetse yakasiyana yekuyerera. Nzvimbo yekamuri yekuvhiyira inofanira kurongwa zvichienderana nepfungwa yenzvimbo nhatu nemigero miviri yezvipatara zvezvirwere zvinotapukira. Vashandi vanogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nekoridho yemukati yakachena (nzira yakachena) uye koridho yekunze yakasvibiswa (nzira yakachena). Koridho yemukati yakachena inzvimbo yakasvibiswa zvishoma, uye koridho yekunze yakasvibiswa inzvimbo yakasvibiswa.
(3). Kuchenesa nzvimbo yekuvhiyira
Varwere vasina kufema vanogona kupinda mukoridho yemukati yakachena kuburikidza nekamuri rekuchinjisa mubhedha wenguva dzose voenda kunzvimbo yekuvhiyira ine pressure yakanaka. Varwere vane kufema vanofanira kupfuura nemukoridho yekunze ine hutachiona kuenda kunzvimbo yekuvhiyira ine pressure yakaipa. Varwere vane zvirwere zvakakomba zvinotapukira vanoenda kunzvimbo yekuvhiyira ine pressure yakaipa kuburikidza nenzira yakakosha uye vanobvisa utachiona uye vanouraya utachiona munzira.
4. Maitiro ekucheneswa kweICU
(1). Kuchena
Makamuri eICU akachena anowanzo fanira kusangana nehutsanana hwekirasi 100 kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapafanirwe kudarika zvidimbu zve0.5 micron particles pa cubic foot yemhepo.
(2). Kupa mweya une simba rekumanikidza
Makamuri akachena eICU anowanzo chengetedza kumanikidzwa kwakanaka kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwekunze kupinda mukamuri. Mhepo inomanikidzwa zvakanaka inogona kuona kuti mhepo yakachena inoyerera ichienda kunze uye kudzivirira mhepo yekunze kupinda.
(3). Mafirita eHepa
Sisitimu yekubata mweya muwadhi inofanira kunge iine mafirita ehepa kuti ibvise tunhu tudiki netupukanana. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti pave nemhepo yakachena.
(4). Kufefetera kwakanaka uye kutenderera kwemhepo
Wadhi yeICU inofanira kuva nehurongwa hwemhepo hwakakodzera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhepo inoyerera uye utsi hunobuda kuti mhepo yakachena irambe ichiyerera.
(5). Kubviswa kwesimba rakaipa (negative pressure) kwakakodzera
Kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha, akadai sekurapa varwere vane zvirwere zvinotapukira, wadhi yeICU ingangoda kuva nemasimba ekudzivirira kumanikidzwa kwemuviri kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere kune nharaunda yekunze.
(6). Matanho akasimba ekudzora hutachiona
Wadhi yeICU inofanira kunyatsotevedzera mitemo nemaitiro ekudzivirira hutachiona, kusanganisira kushandisa michina yekudzivirira muviri nemazvo, kubvisa utachiona pamidziyo nenzvimbo dzayo nguva dzose, uye kushambidzika kwemaoko.
(7). Midziyo yakakodzera nenzvimbo dzakakodzera
Wadhi yeICU inofanira kupa michina yakakodzera nenzvimbo dzakakodzera, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutarisa, kupa okisijeni, nzvimbo dzekuchengeta varwere, michina yekuuraya utachiona, nezvimwewo, kuitira kuti varwere vatariswe zvakanaka uye vatarisirwe zvakanaka.
(8). Kugadziriswa nekucheneswa nguva dzose
Midziyo nenzvimbo dzemuwadhi yeICU dzinofanira kugara dzichigadziriswa uye dzichicheneswa kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti dzinoshanda zvakanaka uye dzakachena.
(9). Kudzidziswa nedzidzo
Vashandi vezvehutano muwadhi vanofanira kudzidziswa nekudzidziswa kwakakodzera kuti vanzwisise matanho ekudzivirira hutachiona uye mashandisirwo ekushandisa kuitira kuti nzvimbo yebasa ive yakachengeteka uye yakachena.
5. Mitemo yekuvaka yeICU
(1). Nzvimbo yenzvimbo
ICU inofanira kunge iine nzvimbo yayo chaiyo uye iri munzvimbo yakakodzera kutamisirwa murwere, kuongororwa uye kurapwa, uye ichifunga nezvezvinhu zvinotevera: kuva pedyo nemakamuri makuru ebasa, makamuri ekuvhiyira, madhipatimendi emifananidzo, marabhoritari nemabhangi eropa, nezvimwewo. Kana "pedyo" hwakatarwa husingagone kuwanikwa panyama, "pedyo" hwakatarwa hwepamusoro nepasi hunofanirawo kufungwa nezvahwo.
(2). Kucheneswa kwemhepo
ICU inofanira kunge iine mhepo yakanaka uye chiedza chakanaka. Zvakanakisisa kuva nesystem yekuchenesa mweya ine nzira yekufambisa mweya kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, iyo inogona kudzora tembiricha nehunyoro hwemukamuri yega yega. Hunhu hwekuchenesa hunowanzova 100,000. Sisitimu yemhepo inotonhodza yekamuri yega yega inofanira kudzorwa yega. Inofanira kunge iine induction hand washing machines uye hand disinfecting devices.
(3). Zvinodiwa pakugadzira
Zvinodiwa zveICU zvinofanira kupa mamiriro ekutarisa ari nyore kune vashandi vezvehutano uye nzira dzekutaurirana nevarwere nekukurumidza kana zvichidikanwa. ICU inofanira kuva nehurongwa hwekurapa hwakakodzera hunosanganisira kufamba kwevashandi uye mafambiro ebasa, zviri nani kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzekupinda nekubuda kuderedza kupindira kwakasiyana-siyana uye hutachiona hwehutachiona.
(4). Kushongedzwa kwechivako
Kushongedzwa kwechivako chemakamuri eICU kunofanirwa kutevedzera misimboti yekuti hapana guruva rinogadzirwa, hapana guruva rinounganidzwa, hapana ngura, hapana hunyoro nefungus, hapana static, hapana kuchenesa zviri nyore uye zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira moto.
(5). Sisitimu yekutaurirana
ICU inofanira kugadzira sisitimu yakakwana yekutaurirana, sisitimu yekutarisira ruzivo rwekiriniki nenetwork, sisitimu yekuparadzira nhau, uye sisitimu yeintercom yekufonera.
(6). Marongerwo ese
Kurongeka kweICU kunofanirwa kuita kuti nzvimbo yekurapa inoiswa mibhedha, nzvimbo yemakamuri ekubatsira varwere, nzvimbo yekuchenesa tsvina uye nzvimbo yemakamuri ekubatsira varwere vanogara vari vekurapa ive yakazvimirira kuderedza kupindirana uye kubatsira kudzora hutachiona.
(7). Nzvimbo yekuchengetera vaenzi
Daro riri pakati pemibhedha yakavhurika muICU harisi pasi pe2.8M; ICU yega yega ine wadhi imwe chete ine nzvimbo isingasviki 18M2. Kugadzwa kwemawadhi ekudzivirira kumanikidzwa kwakanaka uye asina simba muICU yega yega kunogona kutsanangurwa zvichienderana nekwaanowana murwere uye zvinodiwa nedhipatimendi rezvehutano. Kazhinji, wadhi dzekudzivirira kumanikidzwa dzisina simba 1-2 dzine simba. Kana paine vanhu vakakwana nemari yakakwana, makamuri akawanda kana wadhi dzakaparadzaniswa dzinofanira kugadzirwa.
(8). Makamuri ekubatsira ekutanga
Makamuri ekubatsira eICU anosanganisira hofisi yachiremba, hofisi yemutungamiriri, imba yekutandarira yevashandi, nzvimbo yekushandira pakati, imba yekurapwa, imba yekugovera mishonga, imba yemidziyo, imba yekupfekedza, imba yekuchenesa, imba yekurapwa marara, imba yebasa, imba yekugezera, nezvimwewo. MaICU ane mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kugadzirirwa mamwe makamuri ekubatsira, kusanganisira makamuri ekuratidzira, makamuri ekugamuchira mhuri, marabhoritari, makamuri ekugadzirira kudya, nezvimwewo.
(9). Kudzora ruzha
Pamusoro pekufona kwemurwere uye ruzha rwealamu rwechishandiso chekutarisa, ruzha muICU runofanira kuderedzwa kusvika padanho diki sezvinobvira. Pasi, madziro nedenga zvinofanira kushandisa zvinhu zvekushongedza chivakwa zvinodzivirira ruzha zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-20-2025