Intensive care unit (ICU) inzvimbo yakakosha yekupa hutano hwehutano kune vanorwara zvakanyanya. Vazhinji vevarwere vanobvumidzwa vanhu vane immune yakaderera uye vanotapukirwa nehutachiona, uye vanogona kutotakura mabhakitiriya anokuvadza nemavhairasi. Kana kune marudzi akawanda ezvirwere zvinoyangarara mumhepo uye kusungirirwa kwacho kwakakwira, njodzi yekutapukirwa nemuchinjiko yakakwira. Naizvozvo, dhizaini yeICU inofanirwa kubatanidza kukosha kukuru kune yemukati mhepo mhando.
1. ICU air quality zvinodiwa
(1). Air quality zvinodiwa
Mhepo muICU inofanirwa kusangana nepamusoro pehutsanana zvinodiwa. Zvinowanzodiwa kuti kusanganiswa kwezvikamu zvinoyangarara (zvakadai seguruva, microorganisms, nezvimwewo) mumhepo zvinodzorwa mukati mehumwe huwandu kuti huve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa uye hutano hwevarwere. Zvinoenderana neiyo particle size classification, senge zvinoenderana neISO14644 chiyero, ISO 5 level (0.5μm zvimedu hazvipfuure 35/m³) kana mazinga epamusoro anogona kudiwa muICU.
(2). Air flow mode
Iyo ventilation system muICU inofanirwa kutora nzira dzakakodzera dzekuyerera kwemhepo, senge laminar kuyerera, kudzika kuyerera, kudzvanywa kwakanaka, nezvimwewo, kunyatso kudzora uye kubvisa zvinosvibisa.
(3). Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kutonga
ICU inofanirwa kunge iine mapassage akakodzera ekupinza uye ekunze uye kuve nemagonhi asingapindi mhepo kana masystem ekudzora nzira kudzivirira zvinosvibisa kupinda kana kubuda kunze.
(4). Disinfection matanho
Zvemidziyo yekurapa, mibhedha, pasi uye dzimwe nzvimbo, panofanirwa kuve nekuenderana matanho ekuuraya hutachiona uye nguva nenguva zvirongwa zvekuuraya hutachiona kuitira kuve nehutsanana hwenzvimbo yeICU.
(5). Tembiricha uye humidity control
ICU inofanirwa kuve netembiricha yakakodzera uye humidity control, kazhinji inoda tembiricha iri pakati pe20 ne25 degrees Celsius uye hunyoro huri pakati pe30% ne60%.
(6). Noise control
Matanho ekudzora ruzha anofanirwa kutorwa muICU kuderedza kupindira uye kukanganisa kweruzha kune varwere.
2. Mapoinzi akakosha eICU yakachena kamuri dhizaini
(1). Area Division
ICU inofanira kugoverwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushanda, dzakadai senzvimbo yekuchengetedza zvakanyanya, nzvimbo yekushanda, chimbuzi, nezvimwewo, kuitira kurongeka uye kushanda.
(2). Space marongerwo
Ronga zvine mutsindo marongerwo enzvimbo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yekushanda yakakwana uye nzvimbo yechiteshi yevashandi vezvokurapa kuti vaite kurapwa, kutarisa uye kununura mabasa ekukurumidzira.
(3). Kumanikidzwa kufefetedza system
Iyo yekumanikidza yekufemesa system inofanirwa kumiswa kuti ipe mhepo yakachena yakakwana uye kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvinosvibisa.
(4). Kugadziriswa kwemidziyo yekurapa
Midziyo yekurapa inodiwa, senge mamonitor, maventilator, infusion pombi, nezvimwewo, inofanirwa kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, uye marongero emidziyo anofanirwa kuve anonzwisisika, ari nyore kushanda nekuchengetedza.
(5). Kuvhenekera uye kuchengeteka
Ipa chiedza chakakwana, kusanganisira chiedza chechisikigo uye chiedza chekugadzira, kuve nechokwadi chokuti vashandi vezvokurapa vanogona kutarisa uye kurapwa kwakarurama, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza, zvakadai sezvivako zvekudzivirira moto uye maaramu ekukurumidzira.
(6). Utachiona control
Gadzirai zvimbuzi nedzimba dzekuuraya utachiona, uye tsanangurai mashandisirwo akakodzera kudzora njodzi yekutapurirwa utachiona nemazvo.
3. ICU yakachena nzvimbo yekushanda
(1). Chenesa nzvimbo yekushanda yekuvaka zvemukati
Vashandi vekurapa nevakoti vanochenesa hofisi yekubatsira, nzvimbo yekurapa uye yevakoti inoshandura nzvimbo, inogona kusvibiswa nzvimbo, yakanaka yekumanikidza kamuri yekushanda, yakashata yekumanikidza imba yekubatira, yekushandira nzvimbo yekubatsira, nezvimwe.
(2). Yakachena kamuri yekuvhiya
Kazhinji, chimiro chemunwe-chakawanda-channel kusvibisa corridor kudzoreredza marongero anogamuchirwa. Nzvimbo dzakachena uye dzakasvibiswa dzeimba yekushanda dzakaparadzaniswa zvakajeka, uye vanhu nezvinhu zvinopinda munzvimbo yekamuri yekushanda kuburikidza nemitsara yakasiyana-siyana yekuyerera. Nzvimbo yekamuri yekuvhiya inofanirwa kurongeka zvinoenderana nemusimboti wenzvimbo nhatu uye nzira mbiri dzezvipatara zvechirwere chinotapukira. Vashandi vanogona kukamurwa zvichienderana nemukoto wakachena wemukati (chakachena chiteshi) uye mukoto wekunze wakasvibiswa (chakachena chiteshi). Mukoto wakachena wemukati inzvimbo yakasvibiswa, uye mukoto wekunze wakasvibiswa inzvimbo yakasvibiswa.
(3). Sterilization yenzvimbo yekushanda
Varwere vasingafeme vanogona kupinda mukoridho yemukati yakachena kuburikidza nekamuri yekuchinjisa mubhedha uye kuenda kunzvimbo yekumanikidza inoshanda. Varwere vanofema vanofanira kupfuura nemukoridhi yekunze yakasvibiswa kuenda kunzvimbo isina kunaka yekushanda. Varwere vakakosha vane zvirwere zvakanyanya zvinotapukira vanoenda kunzvimbo yakashata yekushanda kuburikidza negwara rakakosha uye vanoita disinfection uye sterilization munzira.
4. ICU yekuchenesa mitemo
(1). Hutsanana mwero
ICU laminar inoyerera yakachena makamuri kazhinji inoda kusangana nehutsanana kirasi zana kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapafanirwe kuva nezvidimbu zvinopfuura zana zve 0.5 micron particles pa cubic foot yemhepo.
(2). Positive pressure air supply
ICU laminar inoyerera yakachena makamuri anowanzo chengetedza kumanikidza kwakanaka kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwekunze kupinda mukamuri. Positive pressure air supply inogona kuona kuti mweya wakachena unoyerera uchienda kunze uye unodzivirira mhepo yekunze kupinda.
(3). Hepa filters
Iyo mhepo inobata system yewadhi inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa nemasefa ehepa kubvisa tudikidiki uye tupukanana. Izvi zvinobatsira kupa mweya wakachena.
(4). Kufefetedza kwakakodzera uye kutenderera kwemhepo
Iyo ICU wadhi inofanirwa kuve neyakafanira yekufemesa system kuti ive nechokwadi chekutenderera kwemhepo uye kupera simba kuchengetedza kuyerera kwemhepo yakachena.
(5). Kusarudzika kwakashata kwakashata
Kune mamwe mamiriro akakosha, akadai sekurapa varwere vane zvirwere zvinotapukira, iyo ICU wadhi ingangoda kuve neakaipa yekumanikidza yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona kune yekunze nharaunda.
(6). Matanho akasimba ekudzivirira hutachiona
Iyo ICU wadhi inofanirwa kunyatso kuomerera kumitemo nemaitiro ekudzivirira kutapukira, kusanganisira mashandisirwo chaiwo emidziyo yekuzvidzivirira, kugara uchiuraya utachiona hwemidziyo nenzvimbo, uye hutsanana hwemaoko.
(7). Midziyo yakakodzera uye zvivakwa
ICU wadhi inoda kupa midziyo yakakodzera uye zvivakwa, zvinosanganisira zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutarisa, kupihwa kweokisijeni, zviteshi zvevakoti, michina yekuuraya hutachiona, nezvimwewo, kuve nechokwadi chekutarisa kwemhando yepamusoro uye kutarisira varwere.
(8). Nguva dzose kugadzirisa uye kuchenesa
Zvishandiso nezvivakwa zvewadhi yeICU zvinofanirwa kugara zvichichengetwa nekucheneswa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekushanda kwavo kwakajairika uye kuchena.
(9). Kudzidziswa uye dzidzo
Vashandi vekurapa muwadhi vanofanirwa kuwana kudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye dzidzo kuti vanzwisise matanho ekudzivirira hutachiona uye maitiro ekushanda kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye nehutsanana nharaunda yekushanda.
5. Kuvaka mitemo yeICU
(1). Nzvimbo yenzvimbo
ICU inofanira kuva nenzvimbo inokosha yenzvimbo uye inogara munzvimbo yakanakira kuendeswa kwevarwere, kuongororwa uye kurapwa, uye funga nezvezvinhu zvinotevera: kuswedera kune mawadhi makuru ebasa, makamuri ekushanda, madhipatimendi ekufungidzira, marabhoritari uye mabhengi eropa, nezvimwewo. Kana "kuswedera" kwepamusoro hakugoni kuwanikwa mumuviri, vertical "proximity" inofanirawo kuonekwa pamusoro pedenga repamusoro.
(2). Kucheneswa kwemhepo
ICU inofanira kuva nemhepo yakanaka uye mamiriro ekuvhenekera. Zvakanakisisa kuve nemagetsi ekuchenesa mhepo ine mhepo yekuyerera kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, iyo inogona kuzvimiririra kudzora tembiricha uye hunyoro mumba. Chiyero chekuchenesa chinowanzo 100,000. Iyo air conditioning system yekamuri imwe neimwe inofanirwa kudzorwa yakazvimirira. Inofanirwa kunge ine induction zvivakwa zvekugezesa maoko nemidziyo yekuuraya utachiona hwemaoko.
(3). Zvido zvekugadzira
Izvo zvinodikanwa zvekugadzira zveICU zvinofanirwa kupa mamiriro ekutarisa ari nyore kune vashandi vekurapa uye nzira dzekuona varwere nekukurumidza kana zvichidikanwa. ICU inofanirwa kuve nekuyerera kwekurapa kunonzwisisika kunosanganisira kuyerera kwevashandi uye zvinhu, zviri nani kuburikidza nekusiyana kwekupinda nekubuda nzira kudzikisa kupindira kwakasiyana uye kutapukira.
(4). Kushongedza kwechivako
Iko kushongedzwa kwechivako kwemawadhi eICU kunofanirwa kutevedzera misimboti yepasina guruva chizvarwa, hapana kuunganidza guruva, huturu kuramba, hunyoro uye mildew kuramba, anti-static, kuchenesa nyore uye zvinodiwa kudzivirira moto.
(5). Kukurukurirana hurongwa
ICU inofanirwa kumisikidza yakakwana yekutaurirana system, network uye yekiriniki yeruzivo manejimendi system, nhepfenyuro system, uye yekufona intercom system.
(6) . Zvose marongerwo
Kurongeka kwese kweICU kunofanirwa kuita kuti nzvimbo yekurapa inoiswa mibhedha, nzvimbo yemakamuri ekubatsira ekurapa, nzvimbo yekuchenesa tsvina uye nzvimbo yevashandi vekurapa vanogara makamuri ekubatsira vakasununguka kuti vaderedze kupindirana uye kufambisa hutachiona hwehutachiona.
(7) . Wadhi setting
Nhambwe pakati pemibhedha yakavhurika muICU haisi pasi pe2.8M; ICU yega yega ine wadhi imwechete ine nzvimbo isingasviki 18M2. Kugadzwa kwekudzvanywa kwakanaka uye kwakashata kudzvanya mawadhi ekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe muICU yega yega inogona kutariswa zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemurwere uye zvinodiwa nedhipatimendi rehutano. Kazhinji, 1 ~ 2 isina kunaka kudzvanywa mawadhi akashongedzerwa. Pasi pemamiriro ehupfumi hwevanhu uye mari, mamwe makamuri ega kana mawadhi akakamurwa anofanirwa kugadzirwa.
(8) . Basic ebetsero makamuri
Iwo ekutanga ebetsero makamuri eICU anosanganisira hofisi yachiremba, hofisi yemutungamiriri, imba yekutandarira yevashandi, nzvimbo yepakati pekushandira, imba yekurapisa, imba yekuparadzira zvinodhaka, kamuri yezviridzwa, imba yekupfeka, imba yekuchenesa, imba yekurasira tsvina, imba yebasa, imba yekugezera, nezvimwe.
(9) . Noise control
Pamusoro pechiratidzo chekufona kwemurwere uye kurira kwearamu yechiridzwa chekutarisa, ruzha muICU runofanira kuderedzwa kusvika padanho rediki zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Pasi, madziro uye sirin'i zvinofanirwa kushandisa yakanaka inonzwika yekushongedza zvivakwa zvekushongedza zvinhu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-20-2025