Kune maviri makuru masosi ekusvibiswa mukamuri yakachena: zvimedu uye tupukanana, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu, kana zviitiko zvine hukama mukuita. Pasinei nekuedza kwakanyanya, kusvibiswa kucharamba kuchipinda muimba yakachena. Zvinonyanya kusvibiswa zvinotakura zvinotakura zvinosanganisira miviri yevanhu (masero, bvudzi), zvakatipoteredza zvakaita seguruva, utsi, mhute kana midziyo (midziyo yemurabhoritari, midziyo yekuchenesa), uye nzira dzisina kunaka dzekupukuta uye nzira dzekuchenesa.
Mutakuri wetachiona anonyanya kubatwa nevanhu. Kunyangwe nembatya dzakaomesesa uye nzira dzekushandisa dzakaomesesa, vafambisi vasina kudzidziswa ndiyo njodzi huru yekusvibiswa muimba yakachena. Vashandi vasingateveri mirairo yeimba yekuchenesa chinhu chine njodzi huru. Chero bedzi mushandi akakanganisa kana kukanganwa nhanho, zvinotungamira mukusvibiswa kweimba yese yakachena. Iyo kambani inokwanisa chete kuona kuchena kweimba yekuchenesa nekuenderera mberi nekutarisa uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kwekudzidziswa ne zero kusvibiswa mwero.
Mamwe manyuko makuru ekusvibisa maturusi nemidziyo. Kana ngoro kana muchina ukangopukutwa usati wapinda mukamuri yakachena, unogona kuunza utachiona. Kazhinji, vashandi havazive kuti midziyo yemavhiri inokunguruka pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasvibiswa sezvainosundirwa muimba yakachena. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro (kusanganisira pasi, madziro, midziyo, nezvimwewo) zvinogara zvichiyedzwa kuti zviverengerwe zvinogoneka uchishandisa mahwendefa akagadzirwa akagadzirwa ane midhiya yekukura seTrypticase Soy Agar (TSA) uye Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). TSA isvikiro rekukura rakagadzirirwa mabhakitiriya, uye SDA isvikiro rekukura rakagadzirirwa mold uye mbiriso. TSA neSDA dzinowanzo kuvharirwa patembiricha dzakasiyana, iine TSA yakavhurika kune tembiricha mu30-35˚C renji, inova ndiyo yakanyanya tembiricha yekukura kwemabhakitiriya mazhinji. Iyo 20-25˚C renji yakanakira kune akawanda mold uye mbiriso mhando.
Airflow yaimbove chikonzero chakajairika chekusvibiswa, asi yanhasi yakachena yeHVAC masisitimu yakatobvisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Mhepo iri mukamuri rakachena inodzorwa uye inotariswa nguva nenguva (semuenzaniso, zuva nezuva, vhiki nevhiki, kota) nokuda kwezvimedu, kuverenga kunogoneka, tembiricha, uye hunyoro. HEPA mafirita anoshandiswa kudzora kuverengeka kwechikamu mumhepo uye kugona kusefa kunze zvimedu kusvika ku0.2µm. Aya mafirita anowanzo chengetwa achimhanya achienderera kune calibrated kuyerera mwero kuchengetedza kunaka kwemweya mukamuri. Humidity inowanzo chengetwa padanho rakaderera kudzivirira kuwanda kweutachiona senge mabhakitiriya uye mold inofarira nharaunda dzine hunyoro.
Muchokwadi, iyo yepamusoro nhanho uye yakajairika sosi yekusvibiswa mukuchenesa imba ndiye anoshanda.
Kunobva uye nzira dzekupinda dzetsvina hadzisiana zvakanyanya kubva kuindasitiri kuenda kune indasitiri, asi pane misiyano pakati pemaindasitiri maererano nekushivirira uye kusashiviririka kwemazinga ekusvibiswa. Semuenzaniso, vagadziri vemapiritsi anopinza havadi kuchengetedza chiyero chakafanana chehutsanana sevanogadziridza majekiseni ejekiseni anounzwa zvakananga mumuviri wemunhu.
Vagadziri veMishonga vane kushivirira kwakaderera kwekusvibiswa kwehutachiona kupfuura vagadziri vemagetsi epamusoro. Vagadziri veSemiconductor vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvidiki hazvigone kugamuchira chero kusvibiswa kwemukati kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwechigadzirwa. Naizvozvo, makambani aya anongonetsekana nekusabereka kwechigadzirwa chichaiswa mumuviri wemunhu uye kushanda kwechip kana nharembozha. Ivo havanyanyi kunetseka nezve mold, fungus kana mamwe mafomu ekusvibiswa kwehutachiona muimba yakachena. Ukuwo, makambani anogadzira mishonga ari kunetseka nezvezvinhu zvipenyu uye zvakafa zveutachiona.
Indasitiri yemishonga inodzorwa neFDA uye inofanirwa kunyatsotevedzera Yakanaka Manufacturing Practices (GMP) mirau nekuti mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa muindasitiri yemishonga inokuvadza zvakanyanya. Kwete chete vagadziri vezvinodhaka vanofanirwa kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo hazvina mabhakitiriya, ivo vanofanirwawo kuve nezvinyorwa uye kurondwa kwezvese. Kambani yezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro-tekinoroji inogona kutumira laptop kana TV chero ichipfuura kuongorora kwayo kwemukati. Asi hazvisi nyore kuindasitiri yemishonga, ndosaka zvakakosha kuti kambani ive, ishandise uye inyore nzira dzekuchenesa mukamuri. Nekuda kwekufunga kwemitengo, makambani mazhinji anohaya ekunze nyanzvi yekuchenesa masevhisi kuita masevhisi ekuchenesa.
Iyo yakazara yekuchenesa nharaunda yekuyedza chirongwa inofanirwa kusanganisira inooneka uye isingaonekwe yemhepo zvimedu. Kunyangwe hazvo pasina chinodiwa kuti zvese zvinosvibisa munzvimbo idzi dzakadzorwa zvionekwe nema microorganisms. Chirongwa chekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza chinofanira kusanganisira chiyero chakakodzera chekuzivikanwa kwebhakitiriya yezvinyorwa zvemuenzaniso. Kune dzakawanda nzira dzekuziva mabhakitiriya dziripo parizvino.
Danho rekutanga mukuzivikanwa kwebhakitiriya, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, inzira yeGram stain, sezvo ichigona kupa mazano ekududzira kune kwakabva kusvibiswa kwehutachiona. Kana iyo microbial kuparadzaniswa uye chitupa chinoratidza Gram-positive cocci, kusvibiswa kunogona kunge kwakabva kuvanhu. Kana iyo microbial yakasarudzika uye chiziviso chikaratidza Gram-positive rods, kusvibiswa kunogona kunge kwakabva muguruva kana disinfectant-resistant strains. Kana iyo microbial yakasarudzika uye chiratidzo ichiratidzira maGram-negative rods, bviro yekusvibiswa inogona kunge yakabva mumvura kana chero nzvimbo yakanyorova.
Kuzivikanwa kweMicrobial mukuchenesa mishonga kwakakosha nekuti kune hukama kune akawanda maficha ekusimbisa mhando, senge bioassays munzvimbo dzekugadzira; bacterial identification test yezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira; zvipenyu zvisina kutaurwa muzvigadzirwa zvisina kuchena nemvura; kutonga kwemhando yetekinoroji yekuvirisa tekinoroji muindasitiri yebiotechnology; uye kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona panguva yekusimbisa. Nzira yeFDA yekusimbisa kuti mabhakitiriya anogona kurarama munzvimbo yakati anowedzera kuwanda. Kana huwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona huchipfuura mwero wakatarwa kana sterility bvunzo mhedzisiro inoratidza kusvibiswa, zvinodikanwa kuti uone kushanda kwekuchenesa nekuuraya hutachiona uye kubvisa kuzivikanwa kwezvinosvibisa.
Pane nzira mbiri dzekutarisa nzvimbo dzakachena dzenzvimbo:
1. Bata mahwendefa
Aya madhishi akakosha etsika ane sterile yekukura yepakati, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuve yakakwirira kupfuura kumucheto kwendiro. Iyo yekubata ndiro inovhara inovhara pamusoro kuti isampled, uye chero hutachiona hunoonekwa pamusoro hunonamatira kune agar pamusoro uye incubate. Iyi nzira inogona kuratidza huwandu hwehutachiona hunoonekwa pamusoro.
2. Swab Method
Iyi haina utachiona uye inochengetwa mumvura yakakodzera isina utachiona. Iyo swab inoiswa panzvimbo yekuyedza uye microorganism inoonekwa nekudzoreredza swab mukati. Maswab anowanzo shandiswa panzvimbo dzisina kuenzana kana munzvimbo dzakaoma kuenzanisa nendiro yekusangana. Swab sampling yakawanda yemhando yebvunzo.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-21-2024