Kune zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinokonzera kusvibiswa muimba yekugezera: zvidimbu netupukanana, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza, kana zvimwe zvine chekuita nazvo. Pasinei nekuedza kwakanaka, kusvibiswa kucharamba kuchipinda muimba yekugezera. Zvinhu zvinowanzo takura kusvibiswa zvinosanganisira miviri yevanhu (masero, bvudzi), zvinhu zvakaita seguruva, utsi, mhute kana zvishandiso (midziyo yekurabhoritari, michina yekuchenesa), uye nzira dzisina kunaka dzekupukuta nenzira dzekuchenesa.
Vanhu ndivo vanonyanya kusvibisa. Kunyangwe kana vakapfeka zvipfeko zvakasimba uye maitiro akaomarara ekushanda, vashandi vasina kudzidziswa zvakanaka ndivo vanotyisidzira zvikuru kusvibiswa mu cleanroom. Vashandi vasingatevedzere nhungamiro dze cleanroom ndivo vane njodzi huru. Chero bedzi mushandi mumwe chete akakanganisa kana kukanganwa danho, zvichaita kuti cleanroom yese isvibiswe. Kambani inogona chete kuve nechokwadi chekuti cleanroom yakachena nekuramba ichitarisa uye ichivandudza kudzidziswa pasina kusvibiswa.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera kusvibiswa kwevhu imidziyo nemidziyo. Kana ngoro kana muchina ukangopukutwa zvisina kunaka usati wapinda mu cleanroom, zvinogona kuunza tupukanana. Kazhinji, vashandi havazivi kuti michina ine mavhiri inotenderera pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasvibiswa painosundirwa mu cleanroom. Nzvimbo (kusanganisira pasi, madziro, michina, nezvimwewo) dzinoongororwa nguva nenguva kuti dzionekwe kuti dzakakwana here uchishandisa mapurati akagadzirwa nema contact plates ane growth media akadai seTrypticase Soy Agar (TSA) neSabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). TSA inzvimbo yekukura yakagadzirirwa mabhakitiriya, uye SDA inzvimbo yekukura yakagadzirirwa ma mold ne mbiriso. TSA neSDA zvinowanzoiswa patembiricha dzakasiyana, neTSA ichisangana netembiricha dziri pakati pe30-35˚C, inova ndiyo tembiricha yakanaka yekukura kwebhakitiriya mazhinji. Nzvimbo ye20-25˚C ndiyo yakanakira mhando zhinji dze mold ne mbiriso.
Kuyerera kwemhepo kwaimbova chikonzero chikuru chekusvibiswa, asi masisitimu eHVAC emukamuri rekuchenesa nhasi akabvisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Mhepo iri mukamuri rekuchenesa inodzorwa uye inotariswa nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, zuva nezuva, vhiki nevhiki, kota yega yega) kuti ione huwandu hwezvinhu, huwandu hunoshanda, tembiricha, uye hunyoro. Mafirita eHEPA anoshandiswa kudzora huwandu hwezvinhu mumhepo uye ane kugona kusefa zvinhu kusvika ku0.2µm. Mafirita aya anowanzo ramba achishanda pamwero wakayerwa kuti mhepo irambe yakachena mukamuri. Hunyoro hunowanzo chengetwa padanho rakaderera kudzivirira kuwanda kwezvipembenene zvakaita semabhakitiriya nefungus zvinofarira nzvimbo dzine hunyoro.
Kutaura zvazviri, nzvimbo inonyanya kukonzera kusvibiswa munzvimbo dzakachena ndiyo inoshanda.
Manyuko uye nzira dzekupinda nadzo muhutachiona hadzisiyane zvakanyanya kubva kumaindasitiri kuenda kumaindasitiri, asi pane musiyano pakati pemaindasitiri maererano nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa hunoshiviririka uye husingashiviririki. Semuenzaniso, vagadziri vemapiritsi anodyiwa havafanirwe kuchengetedza huwandu hwakafanana hwehutsanana sevagadziri vemishonga inobayiwa inopinzwa zvakananga mumuviri wemunhu.
Vagadziri vemishonga havanyanyi kushivirira kusvibiswa kwehutachiona kupfuura vagadziri vemagetsi vane tekinoroji yepamusoro. Vagadziri vema semiconductors vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zve microscopic havagone kugamuchira chero kusvibiswa kwechinhu kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chinoshanda. Saka, makambani aya anongonetseka nezvekusabereka kwechinhu chinofanira kuiswa mumuviri wemunhu uye mashandiro echip kana nharembozha. Havanyanyi kunetseka nezvekusvibiswa kwefungus, fungus kana mamwe marudzi ehutachiona mukamuri rekugezera. Kune rumwe rutivi, makambani emishonga anonetseka nezvezvinhu zvipenyu nezvisina kuchena zvinosvibisa.
Indasitiri yemishonga inotongwa neFDA uye inofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yeGood Manufacturing Practices (GMP) nekuti mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa muindasitiri yemishonga inokuvadza zvikuru. Vagadziri vemishonga havafanirwe kungoona kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo hazvina mabhakitiriya chete, asiwo vanofanirwa kuve nemagwaro uye kuteverwa kwezvese. Kambani yemichina yepamusoro inogona kutumira laptop kana TV chero bedzi ichipasa ongororo yayo yemukati. Asi hazvisi nyore kuindasitiri yemishonga, ndosaka zvichikosha kuti kambani ive, ishandise uye inyore maitiro ekushanda kwenzvimbo yekuchenesa. Nekuda kwemitengo, makambani mazhinji anohaya masevhisi ekuchenesa ekunze kuti aite masevhisi ekuchenesa.
Chirongwa chakakwana chekuyedza nharaunda mukamuri rekuchenesa chinofanira kusanganisira zvidimbu zvinoonekwa nezvisingaonekwe zviri mumhepo. Kunyangwe pasina chinodiwa chekuti tsvina yese iri munzvimbo idzi dzinodzorwa ionekwe netupukanana. Chirongwa chekudzora nharaunda chinofanira kusanganisira mwero wakakodzera wekuziva mabhakitiriya ekubvisa sampuro. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuziva mabhakitiriya dziripo parizvino.
Danho rekutanga rekuziva mabhakitiriya, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo yakachena, inzira yeGram stain, sezvo ichigona kupa zviratidzo zvekutsanangura kwakabva kusvibiswa kwehutachiona. Kana kupatsanurwa kwehutachiona nekuzivikanwa kweGram-positive cocci, kusvibiswa kwacho kungave kwakabva kuvanhu. Kana kupatsanurwa kwehutachiona nekuzivikanwa kweGram-positive tsvimbo, kusvibiswa kwacho kungave kwakabva kuguruva kana mhando dzisingaurayi hutachiona. Kana kupatsanurwa kwehutachiona nekuzivikanwa kweGram-negative tsvimbo, kusvibiswa kwacho kungave kwakabva mumvura kana chero nzvimbo yakanyorova.
Kuzivikanwa kwehutachiona mukamuri rekuchenesa mishonga kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti kwakabatana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvekuvimbisa mhando, zvakaita sekuongorora zvinhu zvipenyu munzvimbo dzekugadzira; kuyedzwa kwekuongorora mabhakitiriya ezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira; zvisikwa zvisina mazita muzvigadzirwa zvisina tsvina nemvura; kudzora mhando ye tekinoroji yekuchengetedza kuviriswa muindasitiri ye biotechnology; uye kuongororwa kwekuongorora mabhakitiriya panguva yekusimbisa. Nzira yeFDA yekusimbisa kuti mabhakitiriya anogona kurarama munzvimbo chaiyo ichave yakajairika. Kana huwandu hwehutachiona hukapfuura huwandu hwakatarwa kana kuti mhedzisiro yebvunzo yekusabereka ichiratidza kusvibiswa, zvakakosha kuona kushanda kwemishonga yekuchenesa uye yekuuraya utachiona uye kubvisa kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo dzinosvibisa.
Kune nzira mbiri dzekutarisa nzvimbo dzakachena:
1. Maplate ekubata
Ndiro idzi dzakakosha dzine nzvimbo yekumera isina utachiona, yakagadzirirwa kureba kupfuura mupendero wendiro. Chifukidziro chendiro yekubata chinofukidza pamusoro pemvura inofanira kutorwa, uye chero tupukanana tunoonekwa pamusoro pemvura inonaka tobva tazvarira. Nzira iyi inogona kuratidza huwandu hwetupukanana tunoonekwa pamusoro pemvura.
2. Nzira yeSwab
Izvi hazvina utachiona uye zvinochengetwa mumvura yakakodzera isina utachiona. Chinoiswa pamusoro pebvunzo uye tupukanana tunoonekwa nekudzosa chinosanganiswa nechinhu chacho chiri pakati nepakati. Zvinosanganiswa zvinowanzo shandiswa panzvimbo dzisina kuenzana kana munzvimbo dzakaoma kuyera nekushandisa plate yekubata. Kuenzanisa chinosanganiswa nechinhu kunonyanya kushandiswa pabvunzo yemhando yepamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-21-2024