Kuzvarwa kwekamuri rakachena
Iko kubuda uye kusimudzira kwezvinhu zvese zvinokonzerwa nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Kuchenesa mukamuri tekinoroji haina kusarudzika. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, Gyroscopes Inotakura MuUnited States yekuUnited States yaifanira kuishandiswazve Avhareji yegumi nenomwe yenguva yegumi nemaviri egumi nemhando dzisina kugadzikana. Munguva yeKorea Peninsula Hondo kutanga kwa1950s, zvinopfuura mamirioni zvinhu zvemagetsi zvakatotsiviwa mumidziyo yegumi nematanhatu yekukurukurirana kwemagetsi muUnited States. Radar kutadza kwakaitika 84% yenguva, uye submarine Sonar kutadza kwakaitika 48% yenguva. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti zvishandiso zvemagetsi nezvipumburu zvine hushoma kuvimbika uye husina kugadzikana hunhu. Mauto uye vagadziri vaongorora zvakakonzera uye pakupedzisira vakatemwa kubva kune zvakawanda zvikamu zvekuti zvaive zvine chekuita neisina kuchena nzvimbo. Kunyangwe pasina mari yakachengetedzwa uye matanho akasiyana siyana akatorwa kuvhara musangano wekugadzira, mhedzisiro yacho yaive shoma. Saka uku ndiko kuberekwa kweimba yakachena!
Kuchenesa Kamuri Kubudirira
Nhanho yekutanga: Kusvika kutanga kwa1950s, iyo HOPA-yakanyanya kugadzikana neUS ATOMIC Commission muna 1951 kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutora radiwe radio rinokuvadza kuvanhu, rakaiswa kune iyo yekuzvitakura system yekugadzira mhandara. Kufaira kwemhepo zvechokwadi kwakabereka mukamuri yakachena ine kukosha kwazvino.
Nhanho yechipiri: Muna 1961, Will is Wicfield, mutariri wepamusoro paSandia National Laboratories muUnited States, akafunga kuti chii chinonzi linar inoyerera panguva iyoyo, uye zvino yava kunzi kuyerera kusingadyiwe. . Kubva ipapo, kamuri yakachena yasvika padanho risingafungidzirwe.
Nhanho yechitatu: Mugore rimwe chetero, iyo US Air Ford world Commember Pahwaro uhwu, iyo Fecteral Standard Fed-STD-STD-209, iyo yakakamuranisa makamuri akachena mumatanho matatu, akaziviswa muna Zvita 1963. Parizvino, iyo prototype yekamuri yakachena yemukadzi tekinoroji yakaumbwa.
Iyo yepamusoro matatu kiyi yekufambira mberi inowanzo kurumbidzwa semamirioni matatu munhoroondo yeiyo yemazuva ano yakachena kamuri yekuvandudza kamuri yekuvandudza kamuri yekuvandudza kamuri yekuvandudza kamuri.
Pakati pama1960s, makamuri akachena aipfuura mumatunhu akasiyana-siyana eUnited States. Izvo hazvina kungoshandiswa muindasitiri yemauto, asi zvakare yakakurudzirwa mumagetsi, Optics, Micro emakemikari, micro Regents nguva iyoyo. Kuti izvi zviitike, zvinotevera chitsidzo chakatsanangurwa kune nyika dzepamba nenyika dzekunze.
Development kuenzanisa
Kunze kwenyika: Mukutanga kwe1950s, kuitira kuti vagadzirise dambudziko romunhu anokuvadza mumuviri wemunhu, iyo US ATOMIC Commission yakaunza kufambisa kwemhepo (HePA) muna 1950, iyo yakave yekutanga chiitiko mukati Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwe tekinoroji yakachena. Muna 1960s, makamuri akachena abvarura mumishini yemagetsi uye mamwe mafekitori ari muUnited States. Panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro ekutapudza maindasitiri emimba yekuchenesa kambani kumakamuri ezvakachena akatanga. Muna 1961, iyo lomar yekuyerera (isina kuyerera kuyerera) imba yakachena yakazvarwa. Yepasi rese imba yakachena yakachena yemakamuri Mukutanga kwa1970s, kutarisisa kwekuvaka kamuri yakachena kwakatanga kuchinja kuzviratidzo, zvevakachenyeka, chikafu uye biochemical maindasitiri. Pamusoro peUnited States, dzimwe nyika dzakapfuura dzakapfuura senyika dzakadai sokurarama, United Kingdom, France, iyo yeSwitzing, etcland. Mushure mokunge ma1980 Pakupedzisira, Ultra-Hepa makamuri akachena ane 0,1m level 10 uye 0.1μm level 1 yakavakwa, iyo yakaunza kukura kwe tekinoroji yakachena mu era nyowani.
China: Kubva kutanga kwa1960 kusvika kuma1970s, makore gumi aya aive kutanga uye nhanho yedanho reChakachenura makamuri yeChina. Anenge gumi makore gumi gare gare kupfuura kunze kwenyika. Yakanga iri nguva yakakosha uye yakaoma, ine hupfumi husina kusimba uye hapana kusimba-nyika kusimba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akadaro uye akatenderedza zvinodikanwa zvechisimba, maindasitiri ezvekushandisa uye maindasitiri echina akachena emakamuri eChina. Kubva kuma1970s kusvika kuma1980, tekinoroji yakachena yeChina yakachena yakasangana neyakagadzirwa zuva rekuvandudza. Mukutonga kwekuvandudza kweChina yakachena yemukadzi tekinoroji, vazhinji vanoratidzira uye vakakwanisa kuita zvakavanzika zvaive zvese zvakabarwa panguva ino. Zviratidzo zvasvitsa huwandu hwehunyanzvi hwenyika dzekunze muma1980s. Kubva kutanga kwa1990 kusvika pazvinhu zveChipo Naizvozvo, tekinoroji uye vaongorori vane mikana yakawanda yekubata zvakananga nezvekugadzira makamuri ekunze emakamuri ekunze, uye kunzwisisa zvishandiso zvepasi rose uye zvishandiso, manejimendi uye kugadzirisa, nezvimwe.
Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, makambani akachena emakamuri akachena ari kukudziridza nekukurumidza. Maitiro ezvekurarama evanhu anoramba achivandudza, uye zvavanoda kuti zvive zvemamiriro ekunze uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hwakakwira uye hwepamusoro. Kuchenesa mukamuri reinjineti Parizvino, zvirongwa zveChina zvakachena hazvina kukodzera chete kune zvemagetsi, mushonga wemagetsi, zvekushandisa, zvokunyepedzera, zvidzidzo zvevarairidzi, zvevaraidzo zvevaraidzo, masangano ezvidzidzo, etces. yesainzi uye tekinoroji, makambani echiratidzo emagetsi einjiniya akapararira zvishoma nezvishoma kuzviuru zvemhuri. Chiyero cheimba yemakamuri yakachena yemidziyo yakachena midziyo yakavezwa zvakare zuva nezuva, uye vanhu vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma vanonakidzwa nemhedzisiro yekuchena mukamuri yekuchenesa.
Kutumira Nguva: Sep-20-2023