Kuberekwa kweimba yakachena
Kubuda uye kuvandudzwa kwese matekinoroji kunokonzerwa nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Tekinoroji yekuchenesa imba haina mutsauko. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, United States yakagadzira air-floating gyroscopes yekufambisa ndege. Nekuda kwehunhu husina kugadzikana, gumi rega rega gyroscopes dzaifanira kugadzirwa paavhareji ka120. Munguva yeHondo yeKorea mukutanga kwema1950, United States yakatsiva zvinodarika miriyoni imwe yemagetsi mumidziyo yemagetsi ye160,000. Radars dzakakundikana 84% yenguva uye masonari epasi pemvura akakundikana 48% yenguva. Chikonzero ndechokuti kuvimbika kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi uye zvikamu hazvina kunaka uye unhu husina kugadzikana. Mauto nevagadziri vakaongorora zvikonzero uye vakapedzisira vaona kubva kune akawanda maficha kuti yaive nechokuita nenzvimbo isina kuchena yekugadzira. Kunyangwe matanho akasimba akasiyana akatorwa kuvhara musangano wekugadzira panguva iyoyo, mhedzisiro yacho yaive shoma. Saka uku ndiko kuzvarwa kweimba yakachena!
Kuvandudzwa kweimba yekuchenesa
Danho rekutanga
Yakanga isiri kusvika kutanga kwema1950 iyo HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) yakagadziriswa neUS Atomic Energy Commission muna 1951 kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutora guruva reradioactive iro rinokuvadza kumuviri wemunhu rakaiswa kumhepo yekusefa kwemhepo. kugadzira musangano, uye imba yemazuva ano yakachena yakazvarwa zvechokwadi.
Danho rechipiri
Muna 1961, Willis Whitfield, muongorori wepamusoro kuSandia National Laboratories muUnited States, akaronga chirongwa chesangano rekuyerera kwemhepo chakachena, icho chakabva chanzi laminar kuyerera, iko zvino kwave kunzi unidirectional kuyerera, ndokuishandisa kune chaihwo mainjiniya. Kubva ipapo, makamuri akachena asvika pamwero wehutsanana hwepamusoro-soro.
Danho rechitatu
Mugore rimwe chetero, US Air Force yakagadzira uye yakapa yekutanga kamuri yakachena pasi rose TO-00-25--203 Air Force Directive "Design uye Operation Characteristics Standards yeKuchenesa uye Yakachena.Bench". Pahwaro uhwu, US Federal Standard FED-STD-209, iyo inokamura imba yakachena kuita nhanho nhatu, yakaziviswa muna Zvita 1963. Kusvika pari zvino, mufananidzo weteknolojia yakakwana yekuchenesa yakaumbwa.
Kufambira mberi kwakakosha kutatu kunowanzo kurumbidzwa senhanho nhatu munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemakamuri emazuva ano.
Pakati pema1960, dzimba dzakachena dzakatanga mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana muUnited States. Haisi kungoshandiswa muindasitiri yemauto chete, asi zvakare inosimudzirwa mune zvemagetsi, optics, micro bearings, micro motors, photosensitive films, ultrapure chemical reagents uye mamwe maindasitiri maindasitiri, ayo akaita basa guru mukusimudzira kusimukira kwesainzi uye tekinoroji uye indasitiri. panguva iyoyo. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinotevera sumo yakadzama kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.
Kuenzanisa Kwekuvandudza
Kunze kwenyika
Mukutanga kwema1950, US Atomic Energy Commission yakaunza yakakwira-inoshanda particulate air sefa (HEPA) muna 1950 kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutora guruva reradioactive iro rinokuvadza muviri wemunhu, richiva chiitiko chekutanga munhoroondo yekuvandudza tekinoroji yakachena. .
Pakati pema1960, imba yekuchenesa mumafekitori akadai semichina yemagetsi muUnited States yakamera sehowa mushure mekunaya, uye panguva imwe cheteyo yakatanga hurongwa hwekuisa tekinoroji yekuchenesa maindasitiri kuenda kudzimba dzebhayoloji. Muna 1961, laminar flow (unidirectional flow) imba yakachena yakazvarwa. Iyo yekutanga yepasirese yekuchenesa chiyero-iyo US Air Force Technical Regulations 203 yakaumbwa.
Mukutanga 1970s, tarisiro yekuvaka imba yakachena yakatanga kuchinjika kune yekurapa, mishonga, chikafu uye biochemical maindasitiri. Mukuwedzera kuUnited States, dzimwe nyika dzemaindasitiri dzakasimukira, dzakadai seJapan, Germany, Britain, France, Switzerland, yaichimbova Soviet Union, uye Netherlands, dzakakoshesawo uye dzakavandudza zvakasimba unyanzvi hwokuchenesa dzimba.
Mushure memakore ekuma1980, United States neJapan dzakabudirira kugadzira mafirita matsva epamusoro-soro ane chinhu chekusefa che 0.1μm uye kugona kwekutora kwe99.99%. Pakupedzisira, makamuri akachena epamusoro-soro e0.1μm level 10 uye 0.1μm level 1 akavakwa, izvo zvakaunza kuvandudza tekinoroji yekuchenesa mune imwe nguva.
Zvemumba
Kubva kutanga kwema1960 kusvika mukupera kwema1970, aya makore gumi aive danho rekutanga uye rekutanga reChina chekuchenesa imba tekinoroji. Yakanga iri makore gumi gare gare kupfuura nyika dzekunze. Yakanga iri nguva yakakosha zvikuru uye yakaoma, ine hupfumi husina kusimba uye pasina kudyidzana nenyika dzine simba. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, zvakatenderedza zvinodiwa nemichina chaiyo, zviridzwa zvemuchadenga uye maindasitiri emagetsi, vashandi vekuChina vehunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji vakatanga rwendo rwavo rwebhizimusi.
Kubva mukupera kwema1970 kusvika mukupera kwema1980, mukati memakore gumi aya, tekinoroji yekuChina yekuchenesa imba yakasangana nedanho rekuvandudza zuva. Mukuvandudza tekinoroji yeChina yekuchenesa imba, zvakawanda zvakakosha uye zvakakosha zvakabudirira zvakapotsa zvazvarwa padanho iri. Zviratidzi zvakasvika padanho rehunyanzvi renyika dzekunze muma1980s.
Kubva kutanga kwema1990, hupfumi hweChina hwakaramba hwakagadzikana uye huchikura nekukurumidza, nekuenderera mberi kwekudyara kwepasirese, uye akati wandei mapoka emarudzi akawanda akatevedzana akavaka mafekitori akawanda emagetsi emagetsi muChina. Naizvozvo, tekinoroji yemumba nevatsvaguri vane mikana yakawanda yekubata zvakanangana nedhizaini yekunze-yepamusoro-levelroom yekuchenesa, kunzwisisa zvepasirese michina nemidziyo, manejimendi uye kugadzirisa, nezvimwe.
Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, mabhizinesi eChina ekuchenesa dzimba akakurawo nekukurumidza.
Sezvo mararamiro evanhu ari kuramba achivandudzika, zvavanoda zvemamiriro ekugara uye mararamiro ehupenyu zviri kuramba zvichikwira, uyecleanroomtekinoroji yeinjiniya yakashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma pakuchenesa mhepo yepamba. Parizvino,China's cleanroomengineering haingoshandi chete kune zvemagetsi, midziyo yemagetsi, mushonga, chikafu, tsvakiridzo yesainzi uye mamwe maindasitiri, asi zvakare ingangoita kuenda kumba, varaidzo yeruzhinji nedzimwe nzvimbo, masangano edzidzo, etc. Kuenderera mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji kwakasimudzira zvishoma nezvishoma.cleanroommakambani einjiniya kuzviuru zvedzimba, uye chiyero cheimbacleanroomindasitiri yakakurawo, uye vanhu vatanga kunakidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemhedzisiro yecleanroomengineering.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-22-2024