Kuzvarwa kwekamuri rekushambidza
Kubuda nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji dzese kunokonzerwa nezvinodiwa pakugadzira. Tekinoroji yeCleanroom haisi yekusiyana. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, United States yakagadzira magyroscope anoyangarara mumhepo ekufambisa ndege. Nekuda kwehunhu husina kugadzikana, magyroscope gumi ega ega aifanira kugadziriswa patsva kanenge ka120. Munguva yeHondo yeKorea mukutanga kwema1950, United States yakatsiva zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinopfuura miriyoni imwe muzvishandiso zvemagetsi zve160,000. MaRadar akakundikana 84% yenguva uye maSonar emugungwa akakundikana 48% yenguva. Chikonzero ndechekuti kuvimbika kwezvishandiso zvemagetsi nezvikamu kwakashata uye hunhu hwacho hauna kugadzikana. Mauto nevagadziri vakaongorora zvikonzero uye pakupedzisira vakaona kubva pazvinhu zvakawanda kuti zvaive zvine chekuita nenzvimbo yekugadzira isina kuchena. Kunyangwe matanho akasiyana-siyana akatorwa kuvhara nzvimbo yekugadzira panguva iyoyo, mhedzisiro yacho yaive shoma. Saka uku ndiko kuberekwa kweCleanroom!
Kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yekuchenesa
Danho rekutanga
Kusvika kuma1950s, HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) yakagadzirwa neUS Atomic Energy Commission muna 1951 kugadzirisa dambudziko rekubata guruva rine mwaranzi rinokuvadza muviri wemunhu rakaiswa mumhepo inosefa muworkshop yekugadzira, uye imba yekugezera yemazuva ano yakatanga kushanda.
Danho rechipiri
Muna 1961, Willis Whitfield, muongorori mukuru paSandia National Laboratories muUnited States, akakurudzira chirongwa chekuronga kuyerera kwemhepo yakachena, icho chainzi laminar flow, icho chava kunzi unidirectional flow, uye akachishandisa muinjiniya chaiyo. Kubva ipapo, makamuri akachena asvika padanho repamusoro rekuchenesa risati ramboonekwa.
Danho rechitatu
Mugore rimwe chete, US Air Force yakagadzira uye yakaburitsa chiyero chekutanga chepasi rose chemakamuri akachena eTO-00-25--203 Air Force Directive "Maitiro Ekugadzira uye Maitiro Ekushanda Kwemakamuri Akachena uye Akachena"B"Nekuda kweizvi, US Federal Standard FED-STD-209, iyo inokamura nzvimbo yakachena kuita mazinga matatu, yakaziviswa muna Zvita 1963. Kusvika pari zvino, muenzaniso wetekinoroji yakazara yenzvimbo yakachena yakagadzirwa.
Kufambira mberi kutatu kwataurwa pamusoro apa kunowanzo rumbidzwa sezvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemakamuri ekuchenesa emazuva ano.
Pakati pemakore ekuma1960, dzimba dzekuchenesa dzakatanga kushandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri muUnited States. Hadzisi kushandiswa muindasitiri yemauto chete, asiwo dzinokurudzirwa mumagetsi, optics, micro bearings, micro motors, photosensitive films, ultrapure chemical reagents nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, izvo zvakaita basa guru mukusimudzira kukura kwesainzi netekinoroji neindasitiri panguva iyoyo. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvinotevera inyaya yakadzama yekusuma munyika nekune dzimwe nyika.
Kuenzanisa Kwebudiriro
Kune dzimwe nyika
Mukutanga kwema1950, US Atomic Energy Commission yakaunza high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) muna 1950 kugadzirisa dambudziko rekubata guruva rine mwaranzi rinokuvadza muviri wemunhu, zvichiva chiitiko chekutanga munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yakachena.
Pakati pemakore ekuma1960, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mumafekitori akadai semichina yemagetsi inogadzirwa zvakanaka muUnited States dzakakura sehowa mushure mekunaya kwemvura, uye panguva imwe chete vakatanga nzira yekudyara tekinoroji yenzvimbo dzekuchenesa dzemaindasitiri kuenda kunzvimbo dzekuchenesa dzezvipenyu. Muna 1961, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa dzakadzika (dzinoyerera zvakananga) dzakatanga. Mwero wekutanga wenzvimbo dzekuchenesa pasi rose - US Air Force Technical Regulation 203 wakaumbwa.
Mukutanga kwema1970, chinangwa chekuvaka dzimba dzekuchenesa chakatanga kushandiswa muindasitiri dzekurapa, dzemishonga, dzezvekudya uye dzemakemikari. Kuwedzera kuUnited States, dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzemaindasitiri, dzakadai seJapan, Germany, Britain, France, Switzerland, yaimbova Soviet Union, neNetherlands, dzakanyanya kukoshesa tekinoroji yedzimba dzekuchenesa uye dzakabudirira zvikuru.
Mushure mema1980, United States neJapan vakabudirira kugadzira mafirita matsva anoshanda zvakanyanya ane chinhu chekusefa che 0.1μm uye kugona kubata kwe 99.99%. Pakupedzisira, makamuri akachena epamusoro-soro e 0.1μm level 10 uye 0.1μm level 1 akavakwa, izvo zvakaunza kukura kwetekinoroji yekuchenesa munguva itsva.
Zvepamba
Kubva pakutanga kwema1960 kusvika kumagumo kwema1970, makore gumi aya ndiwo aive mavambo uye danho rekutanga kwetekinoroji yekuchenesa yeChina. Yakanga yave makore angangoita gumi gare gare kupfuura nyika dzekunze. Yaive nguva yakakosha uye yakaoma, ine hupfumi husina kusimba uye isina kutaurirana nenyika dzine simba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, maererano nezvinodiwa nemichina chaiyo, zvishandiso zvendege uye maindasitiri emagetsi, vashandi vetekinoroji yekuchenesa yeChina vakatanga rwendo rwavo rwebhizinesi.
Kubva pakupera kwema1970 kusvika pakupera kwema1980, mumakore gumi aya, tekinoroji yekuchenesa yeChina yakaona kufambira mberi kwakanaka. Mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuchenesa yeChina, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha uye zvakakosha zvakatanga padanho iri. Zviratidzo zvakasvika padanho rehunyanzvi renyika dzekunze muma1980.
Kubva pakutanga kwema1990, hupfumi hweChina hwave huchikura zvakadzikama uye nekukurumidza, nekudyara mari kwenyika dzakawanda, uye mapoka akawanda emarudzi akawanda akavaka mafekitori akawanda emagetsi madiki muChina zvakatevedzana. Nokudaro, tekinoroji yemuno nevaongorori vane mikana yakawanda yekutaura zvakananga nezvemagadzirirwo emakamuri ekunze epamusoro-soro, kunzwisisa michina nemidziyo yepamusoro yepasi rose, manejimendi nekugadzirisa, nezvimwewo.
Nekukura kwesainzi netekinoroji, mabhizinesi ekuchenesa eChina akabudirirawo nekukurumidza.
Sezvo mararamiro evanhu achiramba achivandudzwa, zvinodiwa zvavo zvekugara munzvimbo dzakanaka uye hupenyu hwakanaka zviri kuramba zvichikwira, uyeimba yekushambidzatekinoroji yeinjiniya yave kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma pakuchenesa mweya wepamba. Parizvino,China's imba yekushambidzamainjiniya haangoshandi chete pamagetsi, midziyo yemagetsi, mishonga, chikafu, tsvakurudzo yesainzi nedzimwe nzvimbo, asiwo anogona kutamira kumisha, varaidzo yeveruzhinji nedzimwe nzvimbo, masangano edzidzo, nezvimwewo. Kuenderera mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji kwave kusimudzira zvishoma nezvishomaimba yekushambidzamakambani einjiniya kumhuri dzine zviuru, uye kukura kwemabasa epamba.imba yekushambidzaindasitiri yakurawo, uye vanhu vatanga kunakidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemigumisiro yeimba yekushambidzamainjiniya.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-22-2024