Chikafu chakachena kamuri inoda kusangana nekirasi 100000 yehutsanana hwemhepo. Kuvakwa kwekamuri yakachena yechikafu kunogona kunyatso kudzikisa kuderera uye kukura kwe mold yezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa, kuwedzera hupenyu hunoshanda hwechikafu, uye nekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.
1. Chii chinonzi imba yakachena?
Imba yakachena, inonziwo guruva isina kamuri yakachena, inoreva kubviswa kwezvikamu, mweya unokuvadza, mabhakitiriya uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mumhepo mukati meimwe nzvimbo, uye tembiricha yemukati, kuchena, kumanikidzwa kwemukati, kumhanya kwemhepo uye kuparadzirwa kwemhepo, ruzha, vibration. , mwenje, uye static magetsi anodzorwa mukati meimwe siyana yezvinodiwa, uye yakanyatsogadzirirwa kamuri inopihwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, zvisinei kuti mamiriro ekunze ekunze anoshanduka sei, maitiro ayo emukati anogona kuchengetedza zvakatarwa zvinodiwa zvehutsanana, tembiricha, humidity uye kumanikidza.
Chii chinonzi kirasi 100000 imba yakachena? Kutaura zviri nyore, nhamba yezvikamu zvine dhayamita ye ≥0.5 μm pa cubic mita yemhepo mumusangano haipfuuri mamiriyoni 3.52. Ishoma nhamba yezvimedu zviri mumhepo, idiki nhamba yeguruva uye tupukanana, uye inochenesa mhepo. Kirasi 100000 kamuri yakachena inodawo kuti musangano uchinje mhepo 15-19 nguva paawa, uye nguva yekuchenesa mhepo mushure mekuchinjana kwemhepo yakakwana haifaniri kudarika maminitsi makumi mana.
2. Kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo yekudya yakachena imba
Kazhinji, imba yakachena yekudya inogona kukamurwa kuita nzvimbo nhatu: nzvimbo yekugadzira yakajairika, nzvimbo yekubatsira yakachena, uye nzvimbo yekugadzira yakachena.
(1). Yese yekugadzira nzvimbo (isina-yakachena nzvimbo): yakajairika mbishi, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa, nzvimbo yekuchengetera maturusi, yakapetwa yakapedzwa chigadzirwa chekufambisa nzvimbo uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzine njodzi yakaderera yekufumurwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, senge imba yekurongedza yekunze, mbishi uye yekubatsira. Imba yekuchengetera zvinhu, yekurongedza zvinhu imba yekuchengetera, yekunze yekurongedza, nezvimwe.
(2). Nzvimbo yekubatsira yakachena: Zvinodiwa ndezvechipiri, senge kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kurongedza zvinhu, kurongedza, buffer kamuri (kuvhura kamuri), yakajairika yekugadzira uye yekugadziridza imba, isina-kugadzirira-kudya-kudya-yemukati yekurongedza imba uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapera. zvigadzirwa zvinogadziriswa asi hazvisi pachena.
(3). Yakachena nzvimbo yekugadzira: inoreva nzvimbo ine hutsanana hwepamusoro zvinodiwa, vashandi vepamusoro uye zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza, uye inofanirwa kuvharirwa utachiona uye kuchinjwa usati wapinda, senge: nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa dzinoburitswa zvinhu zvakasvibirira uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, makamuri ekugadzirisa anotonhora ezvekudya zvinodyiwa. , uye dzimba dzekutonhorera dzezvokudya zvakagadzirira kudyiwa. Imba yekuchengetera yekugadzirira-kudya-chikafu kuti chiputirwe, yemukati yekurongedza yemukati yekugadzirira-ku-kudya chikafu, nezvimwe.
① Chikafu chakachena kamuri chinofanira kudzivirira kusvibiswa, kusvibisa-kusvibiswa, kusanganisa uye kukanganisa zvakanyanya panguva yekusarudzwa kwesaiti, dhizaini, marongero, kuvaka nekugadzirisa.
②Nzvimbo yefekitori yakachena uye yakatsvinda, uye kuyerera kwevanhu uye zvinhu zvine musoro.
③Panofanira kunge paine nzira dzekudzora kuwana dzakakodzera kudzivirira vanhu vasina mvumo kupinda.
④Chengetedza data rekupedzisa kuvaka uye kuvaka.
⑤ Zvivako zvine kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakakomba panguva yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinofanirwa kuvakwa padivi pemhepo yenzvimbo yefekitori uko kutungamira kwemhepo ndiko kukuru kwegore rose.
⑥ Kana maitiro ekugadzira anobata mumwe nemumwe asina kukodzera kuiswa muchivako chimwe chete, panofanirwa kuve nematanho anoshanda ekuparadzanisa pakati penzvimbo dzakateerana dzekugadzira. Kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakaviriswa kunofanirwa kuve nemusangano wakatsaurirwa wekuvirisa.
3. Zvinodiwa munzvimbo dzakachena dzekugadzira
① Maitirwo anoda sterility asi asingakwanise kuita terminal sterilization uye maitiro anogona kuwana terminal sterilization asi anoshandiswa septical mushure mekuita sterilization kunofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo dzakachena dzekugadzira.
② Nzvimbo yakachena yekugadzira ine yakanaka yehutsanana kugadzirwa nharaunda zvinodiwa inofanira kusanganisira yekuchengetera nekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekudya zvinoparara, zvakagadzirira-kudya-zvakapera zvigadzirwa kana zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvisati zvatonhodzwa kwekupedzisira kana kurongedza, uye nzvimbo dzekufanogadzirisa zvinhu zvisingagone. kuve nechirwere chekupedzisira, kuiswa chisimbiso kwechigadzirwa, uye nzvimbo dzekuumba, nzvimbo yekuratidzira mushure mekupedzisira sterilization yechigadzirwa, nzvimbo yemukati yekurongedza zvinhu yekugadzirira uye yemukati. yekurongedza, pamwe nenzvimbo dzekugadzirisa uye makamuri ekuongorora ekugadzirwa kwechikafu, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro echikafu kana kuchengetedza, nezvimwe.
③Iyo nzvimbo yekugadzira yakachena inofanirwa kuiswa zvine mutsindo zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira uye inoenderana yakachena yekamuri giredhi zvinodiwa. Iyo yekugadzira mutsara dhizaini haifanire kukonzera crossover uye discontinuities.
④ Mashopu akasiyana akabatana munzvimbo yekugadzira anofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemhando uye maitiro. Kana zvichidikanwa, makamuri e-buffer uye mamwe matanho ekudzivirira kusvibiswa-muchinjika anofanirwa kupihwa. Nzvimbo yekamuri yebuffer haifanire kunge iri pasi pe3 square metres.
⑤ Raw material pre-processing uye kupera kwechigadzirwa kugadzirwa hakufanirwe kushandisa nzvimbo imwechete yakachena.
⑥ Isa parutivi nzvimbo nenzvimbo mumusangano wekugadzira wakakodzera chiyero chekugadzira senzvimbo yechinguva yekuchengetera zvinhu, zvigadzirwa zvepakati, zvigadzirwa zvinoongororwa nekupedzwa zvigadzirwa, uye kuyambuka, kuvhiringidzika uye kusvibiswa kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa.
⑦ Imba yekuongorora inofanira kugadzirirwa yakazvimirira, uye matanho akakodzera anofanira kutorwa kuti agadzirise kupera kwayo uye mvura. Kana pane mhepo yakachena zvinodiwa zvekuongorora kwechigadzirwa, bhenji rekushanda rakachena rinofanira kuiswa.
4. Zvinodiwa zveutsanana kutarisa zviratidzo munzvimbo dzekugadzira chikafu
Nzvimbo yekugadzira chikafu chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kuchengetedza kwekudya. Naizvozvo, Chikafu Partner Network yakaitisa mukati tsvakiridzo uye nhaurirano pane yekutarisa index zvinodiwa zvehutsanana hwemhepo munzvimbo dzekugadzira chikafu.
(1). Zvinodiwa zvehutsanana muzviyero nemirau
Parizvino, iyo yekugadzira rezenisi yekuongorora mitemo yezvinwiwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvine zvakajeka zvehutsanana hwemhepo zvinodiwa munzvimbo dzakachena dzekushanda. Iyo Beverage Production License Ongororo Mitemo (2017 vhezheni) inotaura kuti hutsanana hwemhepo (yakamiswa zvimedu, sedimentation mabhakitiriya) enzvimbo yakaputirwa yemvura yekunwa yakachena nzvimbo yekugadzira inofanirwa kusvika mukirasi 10000 kana static, uye chikamu chekuzadza chinofanira kusvika kirasi zana, kana hutsanana hwese. inofanira kusvika kirasi 1000; makhahydrates zvinwiwa Nzvimbo yekushanda yakachena inofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti kutenderera kwemhepo kunodarika 10 nguva / h; iyo yakasimba chinwiwa chekuchenesa nzvimbo yekushanda ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchena kwemhepo zvinodiwa zvichienderana nehunhu uye maitiro ezvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinwiwa zvakasimba;
Mamwe marudzi echinwiwa chekuchenesa nzvimbo dzebasa dzinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehutsanana hwemhepo. The mhepo utsanana kana static inofanira kusvika kanenge kirasi 100000 zvinodiwa, zvakadai kugadzirwa zvisina kunanga kunwa zvigadzirwa zvakadai concentrated zvinwiwa (muto, pulp) kuti zvokudya indasitiri, etc. zvinodiwa ichi anogona waived.
Iyo yakadzama yekudzokorora mitemo yemamiriro ekupa marezenisi ekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemukaka (2010 vhezheni) uye "National Food Safety Standard Yakanaka Kugadzira Maitiro eDairy Products" (GB12693) inoda kuti huwandu hwese hwemabhakitiriya colonies mumhepo mukuchenesa mukaka. nzvimbo yekushanda inofanirwa kudzorwa pazasi 30CFU/ndiro, uye iyo yakadzama mitemo inodawo kuti mabhizinesi Atumire gwaro regore rekuchena kwemhepo bvunzo rakapihwa ne qualified inspection agency.
Mu "National Food Safety Standard General Hygienic Specifications yeChikafu Kugadzirwa" (GB 14881-2013) uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvehutsanana zvinotsanangurwa, nzvimbo dzekutarisa sampling, zviratidzo zvekutarisa uye mafambisirwo emagetsi ezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo inogadziriswa anonyanya kuratidzwa muchimiro. yezve appendices, kupa chikafu Manufacturing makambani anopa manejimendi ekutarisa.
Somuenzaniso, "National Food Safety Standard uye Hygienic Code for Beverage Production" (GB 12695) inokurudzira kuchenesa mhepo yakadzika (kugadzirisa mabhakitiriya (Static)) ≤10 zvidimbu / (φ90mm · 0.5h).
(2). Zvinodiwa zvekutarisa zviratidzo zvemazinga akasiyana ehutsanana
Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwuri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kuoneka kuti zvinodiwa zvehutsanana hwemhepo mune yakajairwa nzira zvinonyanya kuitirwa nzvimbo dzakachena dzekugadzira. Zvinoenderana neGB14881 Implementation Guide: "Nzvimbo dzakachena dzekugadzira dzinowanzo sanganisira nzvimbo dzekuchengetera uye dzekutanga kugadziridza kusati kwatonhodza kwekupedzisira kana kurongedza zvekudya zvinoparara, zvakagadzirira-kudya-zvinenge zvapera zvigadzirwa kana zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, uye mbishi pre-kugadzirisa, kuumba uye. nzvimbo dzekuzadza zvigadzirwa zvezvisina sterile process foods nzvimbo dzekuonesa chikafu chisati chapinda munzvimbo yekurongedzera mushure mekuita sterilization, uye kumwe kugadzira chikafu nekubata nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru dzekusvibiswa."
Mitemo yakadzama uye zviyero zvekuongororwa kwezvinwiwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvinoda zvakajeka kuti ambient air monitoring zviratidzo zvinosanganisira zvakamiswa zvimedu uye ma microorganisms, uye zvinodikanwa kugara uchitarisa kana kuchena kwenzvimbo yekuchenesa basa kuri kusvika pachiyero. GB 12695 uye GB 12693 inoda kuti mabhakitiriya e sedimentation ayerwe maererano nemaitiro echisikigo edimentation muGB/T 18204.3.
Iyo "National Food Safety Standard Yakanaka Kugadzira Kudzidzira kweFormula Chikafu cheSpecial Medical Zvinangwa" (GB 29923) uye "Chirongwa cheKugadziridza Kuongorora Kwemitambo Inovaka Zvikafu" yakapihwa neBeijing, Jiangsu nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinotsanangura kuti guruva kuverenga (yakamiswa zvimedu) kuyerwa maererano neGB/T 16292. Chimiro chacho chakamira.
5. Ko hurongwa hwekamuri yakachena hunoshanda sei?
Mode 1: Nheyo yekushanda yeiyo air handling unit + air filtration system + yakachena kamuri yekugovera mhepo uye insulation ducts + HEPA mabhokisi + yakachena kamuri inodzosa mhepo duct system inoramba ichitenderera uye inozadza mweya mutsva muimba yakachena yekamuri workshop kuti uwane hutsanana hunodiwa. nzvimbo yekugadzira.
Mode 2: Nheyo yekushanda yeFFU indasitiri yemhepo yekuchenesa yakaiswa pamusoro pesirin'i yekamuri yekugeza yakachena kuti ipe mweya kukamuri rakachena + kudzorera mweya system + sirin-yakaiswa mhepo yekutonhodza. Iyi fomu inowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvinodiwa zvehutsanana kwezvakatipoteredza hazvisi zvakanyanya, uye mutengo wacho wakaderera. Zvakadai semashopu ekugadzira chikafu, akajairwa emuviri nemakemikari marabhoritari mapurojekiti, makamuri ekurongedza zvigadzirwa, maworkshop ekugadzira zvizorwa, nezvimwe.
Kusarudzwa kwemagadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana ekufambisa kwemhepo uye kudzoka kwemhepo masisitimu mumakamuri akachena chinhu chinogadzirisa pakusarudza mazinga akasiyana ehutsanana emakamuri akachena.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-19-2023