Chinangwa chekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona ndechekuona kuti imba yekuchenesa inosangana neinodiwa yehutsanana hwehutachiona mukati menguva yakakodzera. Naizvozvo, kuchenesa imba yekuchenesa uye kuuraya utachiona zvinhu zvakakosha zvekudzora kusvibiswa. Aya anotevera matanho masere akakosha anosanganisirwa mukuchenesa uye kuuraya hutachiona kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchenesa "kuchena".
1. Kunzwisisa kwakakodzera kwekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona
Kuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona pfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana, dzimwe nguva dzinovhiringika. Kuchenesa, kunyanya, kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga uye kunofanira kuitwa kusati kwaitwa disinfection. Detergents yakachena nzvimbo, kubvisa pamusoro "mafuta" (zvakadai seguruva uye girizi). Degreasing inhanho yakakosha kusati kwaitwa disinfection, sezvo mafuta epamusoro achiramba ari pamusoro, kusashanda kwekuuraya hutachiona.
Detergents kazhinji inopinda mumafuta, ichideredza simba rayo repamusoro (mafuta anonamatira kumusoro) kuti awane kubviswa (zvichireva kutaura, detergents inowedzera simba rekuchenesa remvura).
Kuuraya utachiona kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemakemikari, izvo zvinogona kuuraya huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzezvinomera (mamwe ma disinfectants ariwo sporicides).
2. Kusarudza anonyatsokodzera makuchenesa uye majekiseni
Kusarudza mishonga yekuchenesa nemishonga inouraya utachiona zvakanyanya kwakakosha. Mamaneja emudzimba dzekuchenesa anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwekuchenesa maajenti uye majekiseni uye kusarudza akakodzera ekuchenesa maajenti uye majekiseni emhando yega yega yekuchenesa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mamwe maajenti ekuchenesa nemishonga inouraya utachiona haigone kusanganiswa.
Pakusarudza mumiririri wekuchenesa, zvinotevera zvakakosha zvakakosha:
a) Mushandi wekuchenesa anofanira kunge asina kwaakarerekera uye asiri-ionic.
b) Mushandi wekuchenesa anofanira kunge asiri kupupa furo.
c) Mushandi wekuchenesa anofanira kuenderana nemushonga wekuuraya utachiona (kureva kuti, yasara yekuchenesa mumiririri haifanire kukanganisa kushanda kwemushonga).
Pakusarudza mushonga wekuuraya utachiona, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa:
a) Kusangana nemirairo yeGMP, iwo maviri ekuuraya utachiona anofanirwa kutenderedzwa. Kunyangwe zviremera zvinodzora zvinoda kushandiswa kwemishonga miviri yakasiyana, nesainzi, izvi hazvidiwi. Kugadzirisa izvi, ma disinfectants maviri ane akasiyana efficacy anofanira kusarudzwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza mushonga mumwe chete wekuuraya utachiona unouraya mabhakitiriya spores.
b) Mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unofanirwa kuve nehupamhi hwekuita basa, zvichireva kuti unouraya zvakasiyana siyana zvemhando dzezvinomera, kusanganisira ese ari maviri gram-negative uye gram-positive mabhakitiriya.
c) Nenzira yakanaka, mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unofanirwa kukurumidza kuita. Kumhanyisa kwekuuraya utachiona kunoenderana nenguva yekubata inodiwa kuti mushonga wekuuraya utachiona uuraye huwandu hwehutachiona. Iyi nguva yekubata hurefu hwenguva iyo nzvimbo inoiswa mushonga inouraya utachiona inofanira kuramba yakanyorova.
d) Organic residues uye detergent masara haafanire kukanganisa kushanda kwemushonga wekuuraya utachiona.
e) Kune dzimba dzepamusoro-kirasi dzakachena (semuenzaniso, ISO 14644 Kirasi 5 uye 7), mishonga yekuuraya utachiona inofanirwa kuve isina hutachiona kana kucheneswa nevashandisi vemumba.
f) Mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unofanirwa kuve wakakodzera kushandiswa patembiricha yekuchenesa imba. Kana imba yekuchenesa iri kamuri ine firiji, mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unofanirwa kuongororwa kuti unoshanda patembiricha iyoyo.
g) Mushonga wekuuraya utachiona haufanire kukuvadza zvinhu zviri kuuraya utachiona. Kana kukanganisa kungangodaro, matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kudzivirira. Mazhinji majekiseni anouraya mabhakitiriya spores ane chlorine, inogona kukuvadza zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi isina tsvina kana zvakasara zvikasabviswa nekukurumidza mushure mekushandisa.
h) Mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unofanirwa kuve usina kukuvadza kune vashandisi uye kutevedzera hutano hwemunharaunda nemirairo yekuchengetedza.
i) Mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unofanirwa kuve une mari, nyore kunyungudika, uye uchiwanikwa mumidziyo yakakodzera, semabhodhoro ekupfapfaidza anobatwa nemaoko. 3. Kunzwisisa Mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inouraya utachiona
Madisinfectants anouya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana, akakodzera nzira dzakasiyana dzekuuraya utachiona uye achiratidza madhigirii akasiyana ekubudirira kurwisa tupukanana. Mishonga inouraya utachiona inogona kuita pamaseru ehutachiona nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira nekunanga kumadziro esero, iyo cytoplasmic membrane (apo phospholipids nema enzymes zvinopa zvakasiyana-siyana kugaya kugaya), kana cytoplasm. Kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pemhando idzi dzemishonga inouraya utachiona kunonyanya kukosha pakusarudza pakati pekuuraya-spore-kuuraya uye kusiri-spore-kuuraya disinfectants (kusiyanisa pakati peasiri-oxidizing uye oxidizing makemikari).
Zvisina-oxidizing disinfectants zvinosanganisira doro, aldehydes, amphoteric surfactants, biguanides, phenols, uye quaternary ammonium compounds. Oxidizing disinfectants zvinosanganisira halogens uye oxidizing agents akadai peracetic asidhi uye chlorine dioxide.
4. Validating disinfectants
Kusimbiswa kunosanganisira kuongororwa murabhoritari uchishandisa angave AOAC (American) kana European zviyero. Kumwe kuyedzwa kunogona kuitwa nemugadziri wemishonga yekuuraya utachiona, asi kumwe kunofanirwa kuitwa mumba. Disinfectant kusimbiswa kunosanganisira kuyedzwa kwemushonga, uko kunosanganisira kuyedza mishonga yekuuraya hutachiona hweakasiyana-siyana (sekumiswa), kuyedza nzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye kuyedza kushanda kwekuuraya hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakasiyana, kusanganisira hutachiona hwakaparadzaniswa kubva mukati menzvimbo.
5. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda kwemishonga yekuuraya utachiona
Mukuita, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemishonga inouraya utachiona. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekubudirira kwemabasa ekuuraya utachiona. Zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kushanda kwe disinfectant zvinosanganisira:
a) Concentration: Ndiyo sarudzo yekuisa iyo inova nechokwadi chepamusoro hutachiona hwekuuraya mwero. Pfungwa yekuti yakanyanya disinfectant inouraya mabhakitiriya akawanda ingano, sezvo mishonga yekuuraya utachiona inongoshanda pakusangana chaiko.
b) Nguva Yakareba: Nguva yekushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya utachiona yakakosha. Nguva yakaringana inodiwa kuti mushonga wekuuraya utachiona usungirire kumamicroorganisms, upinde mumadziro emasero, uye usvike kwainotarirwa nzvimbo.
c) Nhamba uye rudzi rwema microorganisms. Madisinfectants haanyanyi kushanda kune mamwe ma microbial vegetative mafomu. Semuyenzaniso, kana boka hombe rezvipembenene zvakazvimirira tupukanana rikaungana, mishonga inouraya utachiona husina simba rekuuraya utachiona husina basa. d) Tembiricha uye pH: Yese mushonga wekuuraya hutachiona une yakakwana pH uye tembiricha renji kuti rinyatso shanda. Kana tembiricha nepH zviri kunze kwemarenji aya, kushanda kwemushonga utachiona kuchakanganiswa.
6. Zvinhu zvekuchenesa
Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakuuraya utachiona uye kuchenesa zvinofanirwa kunge zvakafanira uye zvichikwanisa kushandisa zvakaenzana chidimbu chakatetepa chega chega chekuchenesa uye chekuuraya utachiona. Magetsi nemishonga inouraya utachiona hunoshandiswa pauriri, nzvimbo dzemidziyo, uye madziro munzvimbo dzekugadzira dzisina kuchena dzinofanirwa kunge dzakachena-yakasimbiswa uye isina particle (semuenzaniso, machira asina kurukwa, mvere dzisina lint).
7. Nzira dzekuchenesa
Nzira dzekuchenesa uye dzekuuraya utachiona dzakakosha. Kana ma detergents nema disinfectants zvikasashandiswa nemazvo, hazvizonyatso kuchenesa nzvimbo. Madisinfectants haakwanise kupinda mukati memafuta epamusoro, zvichitungamira kune akakwira hutachiona hwehutachiona mukati menzvimbo. Yakatsanangurwa yekuchenesa uye nzira dzekuuraya hutachiona dzinofanirwa kunge dziri munzvimbo, dzakadai se:
tsvaira guruva nemarara (kana zvichibvira); Pukuta nedetergent solution kuti uone kuti detergent yaoma; Pukuta nemishonga yekuuraya utachiona kuti uchengetedze nzvimbo dzekusangana dzakanyorova uye kuchengetedza nguva yekubata; Pukuta nemvura yejekiseni kana 70% IPA (isopropyl alcohol) kubvisa chero mishonga yekuuraya utachiona.
8. Kuongorora kushanda kwekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona
Kushanda kwekuchenesa nekuuraya hutachiona kunonyanya kuongororwa kuburikidza nekuchenesa nharaunda yekutarisa mhinduro. Kuongorora uku kunoitwa nesampling nzvimbo dzema microorganisms uchishandisa mahwendefa ekubata uye swabs. Kana mhedzisiro isiri mukati meiyo yakatemwa nhanho nhanho kana kambani yemukati kudzora zviyero, panogona kunge paine nyaya nekuchenesa uye nekuuraya hutachiona, kuwanda kwekuchenesa, kana nzira yekuchenesa. Sezvineiwo, kana mhedzisiro ikasangana nezvinodiwa, maneja emudzimba dzakachena anogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti imba yakachena "yakachena."
Summary
Zviri pamusoro apa zvinoratidza matanho masere ekuchengetedza hutsanana hwemumba uchishandisa kuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti nhanho idzi dzibatanidzwe mumaitiro akajairwa ekushanda (SOPs) uye kuti kudzidziswa kupihwa kune vanoshanda nevashandi vekutungamira. Kana nzvimbo yacho ichinge yasimbiswa uye yave pasi pesimba, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera kana matekiniki, maajenti ekuchenesa akakodzera uye mishonga yekuuraya utachiona, uye kuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona nguva nenguva panguva yakatarwa. Nenzira iyi, imba yekuchenesa inogona kuramba yakachena.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-13-2025