Nhanganyaya
Serutsigiro rwakakosha rwekugadzirwa kwepamberi, dzimba dzekuchenesa dzakaona kukura kwakakura mukukosha mumakore gumi apfuura. Nekuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji uye kudiwa kwemusika kuri kukura, kuvaka engineering yekuchenesa imba uye masevhisi anotsigira akawana kusvetukira kwehunhu muhukuru uye hunyanzvi.
Sebazi rinowedzera kukosheswa rekuvaka kweinjiniya, injiniya yekuchenesa haingokonzereri zvinhu zvakakosha sekutonga kwemhando yechigadzirwa uye kuvandudzwa kwekugadzira, asi zvakare zvinokanganisa zvakananga kukwikwidza kwekambani uye hutano uye kugadzikana kusimudzira kweindastiri yese cheni. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vagadziri vemitemo padanho renyika neremunharaunda, pamwe neakasiyana masangano ekudyara uye nevatori vechikamu mumaindasitiri, vese vakaratidza kutarisisa nerutsigiro rwechikamu ichi chemusika.
Chinyorwa ichi chine chinangwa chekuburitsa zvizere mamiriro azvino uye budiriro yemakambani ekuvaka einjiniya edzimba dzekuchenesa dzimba kuburikidza nekuongorora kwenhamba dzemakambani ane ruzivo rwekunyoresa maindasitiri nekutengeserana anosanganisira mazwi ekuti "cleanroom engineering" kana "purification engineering" (apa anozozivikanwa se "injiniya yekuchenesa"), ichipa ongororo yakazara.
Kubva pakupera kwaMbudzi 2024, makambani akadai anosvika 9,220 akaverengerwa munyika yose, ayo 7,016 akanga ari kushanda sezvakangoita uye 2,417 akanga akadzimwa. Zvikuru, kubvira 2010, nhamba yemakambani achangobva kugadzwa einjiniya einjiniya aratidza kudzikama kwakadzikama: pakutanga, makambani matsva angangosvika mazana maviri aiwedzerwa gore negore, achikwira kusvika pamazana masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe mumakore achangopfuura, neavhareji yekukura inopfuura 10%.
Muna 2024, kukura kwemusika weiyo cleanroom engineering indasitiri yakadzikira zvakanyanya. Maererano nenhamba, nhamba yemakambani achangobva kusimbiswa kubva munaJanuary kusvika kuNovember yaiva 612, 37% yakaderera kubva ku973 munguva imwechete ye 2023. Kuderera uku kunomiririra imwe yezvishoma zvisingawanzo kuderera mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kunyangwe paine matambudziko, chikamu chemakambani achangotanga mugore chakaramba chiri pamusoro pe9%, ichipfuura avhareji yekukura kweiyo indasitiri yekugadzira.
Kubva pamaonero enzvimbo, kuwanda kwedunhu rekushanda makambani einjiniya ekuchenesa kwakakwira zvakanyanya, nekusiyana kwakakura pakati pematunhu anotungamira. Matunhu mashanu akabatana eJiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, uye Zhejiang anoumba indasitiri yenzvimbo dzesimba, ichiteverwa neGuangdong Province. Iyi muenzaniso inosiyana nekugoverwa kwezvirongwa zvitsva. Semuyenzaniso, mapurovhinzi akaita seZhejiang neHebei anozvikudza akawanda mapurojekiti einjiniya emudzimba dzekuchenesa, asi huwandu hwawo hwemakambani einjiniya emudzimba dzekuchenesa hahusi pamusoro.
Kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwesimba repurovhinzi yega yega munzvimbo yekuchenesa uye yekuchenesa indasitiri yeinjiniya, chinyorwa ichi chinoshandisa mari inobhadharwa semetric, inoronga makambani ane mari inobhadharwa inodarika RMB 5 miriyoni sevatungamiriri muchikamu. Kubva pamaonero enzvimbo, kupatsanurwa uku kunowedzera kuratidza kusaenzana kwedunhu: Mapurovhinzi eJiangsu neGuangdong anomira zvakanaka nekuda kwesimba rawo rehupfumi. Kusiyana neizvi, nepo mapurovhinzi eShandong, Henan, neAnhui anozvirumbidza nenhamba huru yemakambani, haanyanyi kukunda mamwe mapurovhinzi maererano nehuwandu hwemakambani epamusoro, achichengeta nhamba yakafanana yemakambani epamusoro.
Kuongorora kukura kwemapurovhinzi akasiyana-siyana nemakanzuru mumakore mashanu apfuura kunoratidza kuti, kunyangwe kuita kwakasimba kwese, Dunhu reGuangdong rinosara kumashure muhondo yekutora chinzvimbo chepamusoro-shanu. Zvichakadaro, matunhu eHubei neJiangxi, ari pakati peChina, aratidza kukura kwakasimba. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvekuti padanho reguta redunhu, maguta makuru ematunhu akadai seZhengzhou, Wuhan, neHefei aratidza kukwidziridzwa. Izvi zvinofambirana nehurongwa hwebudiriro yenyika huchienda kumatunhu epakati nekumadokero, uko matunhu aya ari kuwedzera kuve madhiraivha makuru ekusimudzira maindasitiri.
Suzhou neWujiang, maguta anotungamira mudunhu reJiangsu. Munyika yose, maguta gumi nematanhatu chete ematunhu anozvirumbidza pamusoro pemakambani zana anoshanda muchikamu cheinjiniya chekuchenesa. Wujiang District muSuzhou inotungamira nzira nemakambani anoda kusvika mazana matanhatu, achipfuura mamwe maguta ese. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwemakambani ari mumaguta ematunhu mudunhu kazhinji anodarika avhareji yepurovhinzi. Zvikuru, huwandu hwemakambani achangotanga mumakore maviri apfuura hwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mune mamwe matunhu, paine vanopfuura hafu vakabhadhara mari (zvichienzaniswa nemaguta mazhinji ari mune mamwe mapurovhinzi, uko mazhinji emakambani achangotangwa asati apedza kubhadhara kwakadaro).
Guangdong Province, mutungamiri muSouth China, anoona kusasimba kwekukura. Semutungamiri muSouth China, Guangdong Province inochengetedza yakasimba-nzvimbo yechipiri muchikamu cheinjiniya yekuchenesa. Nekudaro, mumakore achangopfuura, yakatarisana nematambudziko mukuwedzera makambani matsva, zvichikonzera kudzikira mukukura. Nekudaro, Dunhu reGuangdong rinoratidza huwandu hwakanyanya hwenzvimbo munzvimbo yayo yekuchenesa engineering chikamu. Guangdong, Shenzhen, neZhuhai haingogari chete ruzhinji rwezviwanikwa zvemabhizinesi epurovhinzi, asi zvakare dzinogara dziri pakati pemaguta mashanu epamusoro munyika yose.
Purovhinzi yeShandong: Yakaparadzirwa Zvakawanda, Yakakura muChikero asi isina Simba. Mukupesana zvakanyanya neJiangsu neGuangdong, Shandong Province's cleanroom engineering sector inoratidza yakakwira mwero wekupararira. Kunyangwe mumaguta akakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika uye ehupfumi seJinan neQingdao, huwandu hwevasungwa hauna kunyanya kukwira kupfuura mumaguta makuru mune mamwe matunhu. Zvakangodaro, maererano nehuwandu hwehuwandu, Shandong ichiri pakati pevatatu vepamusoro munyika yose. Nekudaro, ichi "hombe asi isina kusimba" chiitiko chinoratidzwa zvakare mukushaikwa kweanotungamira mabhizinesi. Nekudaro, zvinokurudzira, nhamba yemabhizinesi achangotangwa muPurovhinzi yeShandong yakapfuura iyo yeGuangdong Province mumakore achangopfuura, ichiratidza kukura kwakasimba kwakasimba.
Summary
Isu tinoona akati wandei akakosha ekusimudzira emakambani edzimba dzekuchenesa engineering makambani. Chekutanga, kukura kwese kunononoka, uye kuderedzwa kwekupa kunogona kutungamira kune kumwe kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemabhizinesi matsva. Chechipiri, kutariswa kwemaindasitiri uye "musoro mhedzisiro" ichawedzera kutaurwa, ichimhanyisa kubviswa kwemabhizinesi akanonoka uku achitungamira mabhizinesi ane makwikwi epakati anotarisirwa kutora chikamu chikuru chemusika. Chekupedzisira, makambani ari mune mamwe maguta ari mukati menyika anotarisirwa kubuda, kunyanya mumatunhu makuru, uko nyeredzi dziri kusimukira, dzine simba rakakwana rekukwikwidza nemakambani anotungamira muakamisikidzwa "hubs yekuchenesa" seJiangsu neGuangzhou, inotarisirwa kubuda. Shanduko idzi hadzingoratidzi kugadziridzwa kwakadzama kweindastiri asi zvakare inopa mikana mitsva nematambudziko kumatunhu akasiyana siyana nemakambani.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-19-2025